Introduction to Design Patterns (Composite)

This article summarizes Composite. According to wikipedia, "it can represent recursive data structures with tree structures, such as directories and files." Reference: Composite pattern

If you're in an object-thinking language, you'll probably see a lot of things like arrays, stacks, lists, hashes, and other collections that are packed with objects and processed in order. In the Composite pattern, the difference between individual objects is ignored even if the objects have a tree-like structure (a structure in which objects that hold child elements and objects that do not have child elements are mixed), such as "single-many". And apply the same process.

Sketch of components

Composite node
 |-Leaf node
 |-Leaf node
 |-Leaf node

** Main characters **

** Implement the pattern ** By combining nodes like a hierarchy, the intricate configuration is expressed as follows. Consider the fictitious dining room menu table.

Dining room menu

menu
 |-rice
 |  |-Set meal A ¥ 1,000
 |  |-Set meal B ¥ 1,200
 |
 |-noodles
 |  |-Ramen ¥ 900
 |  |-Udon ¥ 800
 |
 |-drink
    |-Coke ¥ 250
    |-Tea ¥ 300

MenuCompnent.java

public abstract class MenuComponent {
    public void add(MenuComponent mc) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
    public void remove(MenuComponent mc) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
    public MenuComponent getChild(Integer i) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    abstract public String getName();
    abstract public String getDescription();
    abstract public void print();
}

Menu.java

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class Menu extends MenuComponent {
    ArrayList<MenuComponent> mcs = new ArrayList<>();
    String name;
    String description;

    public Menu(String name, String description) {
        this.name = name;
        this.description = description;
    }
    public void add(MenuComponent mc) { mcs.add(mc); }
    public void remove(MenuComponent mc) { mcs.remove(mc); }
    public MenuComponent getChild(Integer i) { return mcs.get(i); }
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public String getDescription() { return description; }
    public void print() {
        System.out.print("\n" + getName());
        System.out.println("," + getDescription());
        System.out.println("--------");
        
        Iterator iterator = mcs.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()) {
            MenuComponent mc = (MenuComponent) iterator.next();
            mc.print();
        }
    }
}

MenuItem.java

public class MenuItem extends MenuComponent {
    public String name;
    public String description;
    public Boolean coffee;
    public Integer price;

    public MenuItem(String name, String description, Boolean coffee, Integer price) {
        this.name = name;
        this.description = description;
        this.coffee = coffee;
        this.price = price;
    }
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public String getDescription() { return description; }
    public Integer getPrice() { return price; }
    public Boolean isCoffee() { return coffee; }
    public void print() {
        System.out.print(" " + getName());
        if (isCoffee()) System.out.print("(With coffee)");
        System.out.println("," + getPrice());
        System.out.println(" -- " + getDescription());
    }
}

Main.java

public class Main {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
         MenuComponent rice = new Menu("rice", "Set meal menu");
         MenuComponent noodles = new Menu("noodles", "noodles類メニュー");
         MenuComponent drink = new Menu("drink", "drinkメニュー");
         MenuComponent all = new Menu("menu", "Click here today");
         all.add(rice);
         all.add(noodles);
         all.add(drink);
         rice.add(new MenuItem("Set meal A", "Advantageous set meal set A", true, 1000));
         rice.add(new MenuItem("Set meal B", "Advantageous set meal set B", true, 1200));
         noodles.add(new MenuItem("ramen", "自家製ramen", false, 900));
         noodles.add(new MenuItem("Udon", "本格Udon", false, 800));
         drink.add(new MenuItem("Cola", "Red package", false, 250));
         drink.add(new MenuItem("tea", "どこにでもあるtea", false, 300));
         all.print();
    }
}

result

$java Main
menu,Click here today
--------
rice,Set meal menu
--------
Set meal A(With coffee),1000
 --Advantageous set meal set A
Set meal B(With coffee),1200
 --Advantageous set meal set B

noodles,noodles類メニュー
--------
ramen,900
 --Homemade ramen
Udon,800
 --Authentic udon

drink,drinkメニュー
--------
Cola,250
 --Red package
tea,300
 --Tea everywhere

The pattern is applied by print () in Menu.java. As for the structure of the object, the Menu class defines the category, and the MenuItem class manages the menu details (menu, details, price, coffee presence / absence). Menu object and MenuItem object are saved in List of Menu class, and when print () outputs data, output processing is executed for each regardless of the existence and number of Menu object and MenuItem object.

Reference: [Head First Design Patterns-Design Patterns to Remember with Your Head and Body] (https://www.amazon.co.jp/Head-First%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3-%E2%80%95%E9%A0%AD%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A7%E8%A6%9A%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC-Eric-Freeman/dp/4873112494)