Study from Python Hour4: Object-oriented ①

When I tried to do something with Python, I first searched for a sample script and somehow executed it.
7 hours I want to hit REST API with automatic execution, check the result, and even operate the VM
This time it is object-oriented. Well, I think it's okay if you can use the method even if you don't understand the meaning.

Learning materials

Learn the basics in just one day! A super introduction to Python
https://a.r10.to/hbHMiv

Past posts

environment

Windows
Python Ver3 series

What is object-oriented?

As you have already learned, the program has dealt with strings, integers, lists, etc.
But we are dealing with numbers ** such as ** 123, not "integers".
So it is the substance of the concept such as "integer" 123.
This is the relationship between the class (integer) and the instance (123).
that? Where did the word "object" go?
Instance ≒ object seems to be fine. Personally, the instance is easier to understand

What is a method

Behavior that can be handled for each class
For integer instances, I want something like a function that "takes an absolute value" or "inverts the sign (+-)", but there is no need for processing such as "taking an absolute value" for a character string. ..
So, you can define a function for each class and use only that instance.
For example, try capitalizing the string.

>>> a ='hogeo'
>>>
>>> print(a)
hogeo
>>>
>>> print(a.upper())
HOGEO
>>>

You can put ". (Dot)" after the instance, and then describe the method name and its arguments.
Another example: Manipulating the list

>>> my_list = ['abc', 'def', 'ghi']
>>> print(my_list)
['abc', 'def', 'ghi']　　　　　
>>>
>>> #Add value to list
>>> my_list.append('jkl')			### my_append after list instance()Specify method
>>> print(my_list)
['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'jkl']         ###A value has been added to the list
>>>
>>>
>>> my_list.reverse()                ###Method to reverse the order
>>> print(my_list)
['jkl', 'ghi', 'def', 'abc']

Find out what methods are available

I can't remember the method, so I can check it with the dir () function at that time.
_ It seems that what is surrounded by underscores is a special attribute. How to use again this time *'as_integer_ratio', ~,'to_bytes' are common methods

>>> dir(1)        ###What methods are there for integers
['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__bool__', '__ceil__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floor__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__index__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__le__', '__lshift__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__round__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'as_integer_ratio', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'from_bytes', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real', 'to_bytes']
>>>　　　　　　　　　　###Last to_It's easy to understand, such as bytes.
>>>
>>> dir('abc')
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isascii', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit', 'isidentifier', 'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']
>>>

Play with the methods of the list instance

Lists are often used in Python programming, so try different things.

>>> ###List initialization
>>> my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

>>> ###Append to the end of the list with the append method
>>> my_list.append('e')
>>> print(my_list)
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

>>> ###Add to the position specified by insert method
>>> my_list.insert(2,'good')
>>> print(my_list)
['a', 'b', 'good', 'c', 'd', 'e']

>>> ###Remove the element specified by the remove method (the element itself, not the index number))
>>> my_list.remove('good')
>>> print(my_list)
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

>>> ###Empty the list with the clear method
>>> my_list.clear()
>>> print(my_list)
[]

>>> ###Returns how many of the items specified by the argument in the count method are in the list.((Like Excel countif)
>>> my_list = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b']
>>> my_list.count('b')
3

Somehow I understand how to use it

Other list operators

Lists are important types in Python, so there is a mechanism that can be easily manipulated without using methods.
in operator: Checks if the list contains XX

>>>
>>> print('c' in my_list)
True
>>>
>>> print('x' in my_list)
False
>>>

Hmm? Suddenly strange format.
It seems to be used to check if an element is included in the list.
Similar things like del, slice

>>> ###Remove third element from list
>>> print(my_list)
['a', 'b', 'c', 'e']

>>> ###Show 1st to 4th in the list (4th not included)
>>> my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
>>> b = my_list[1:4]
>>> print(b)
['b', 'c', 'd']

This summary

For the time being, even if I don't understand object orientation, I thought it would be good if I could understand how to use the method, so I organized it focusing on how to handle the list.
The progress is getting worse from this area. I have forgotten the contents of the past. I'm forgetting how to handle the list. .. .. ..
Next is the operation of the object, this time the character string.

For Quotations / Lightning Talk

"Object-oriented," "concept," "behavior," these phrases seem to raise the threshold for object-oriented programming. I can't think of another way to say it.