import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('country_data.xml')
root = tree.getroot()

root = ET.fromstring(country_data_as_string)

#Liste wird zurückgegeben
list = root.findall('country'):

elem = root.find('country'):

root.findall("./country/neighbor")

rank = country.find('rank').text

 #Entweder
 country.get('name')
 country.attrib['name']

elem = ET.SubElement(root,'country')
elem = ET.SubElement(root,'country', attrib={'name':'Liechtenstein'})

>>> for country in root.findall('country'):
...     # using root.findall() to avoid removal during traversal
...     rank = int(country.find('rank').text)
...     if rank > 50:
...         root.remove(country)
...

ET.dump(root)

tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write('filename', encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)

import xml.dom.minidom as md
document = md.parseString(ET.tostring(root, 'utf-8'))
with open(fname,'w') as f:
    document.writexml(f, encoding='utf-8', newl='\n', indent='', addindent='  ')

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