[PYTHON] 100 language processing knock-29: Get the URL of the national flag image

Language processing 100 knocks 2015 "Chapter 3: Regular expressions" It is a record of 29th "Getting the URL of the national flag image" of .ac.jp/nlp100/#ch3). This time, we will extract the value of a specific item from the dictionary created using regular expressions and throw it to the Web service.

Reference link

environment

In the above environment, I am using the following additional Python packages. Just install with regular pip. I was wondering whether to use the requests package, but I didn't use it because it was so simple that I didn't need to use it. If you use it, the code should be a little shorter.

Chapter 3: Regular Expressions

content of study

By applying regular expressions to the markup description on Wikipedia pages, various information and knowledge can be extracted.

Regular Expressions, JSON, Wikipedia, InfoBox, Web Services

Knock content

File jawiki-country.json.gz that exports Wikipedia articles in the following format There is.

--One article information per line is stored in JSON format --In each line, the article name is stored in the "title" key and the article body is stored in the dictionary object with the "text" key, and that object is written out in JSON format. --The entire file is gzipped

Create a program that performs the following processing.

29. Get the URL of the national flag image

Use the contents of the template to get the URL of the national flag image. (Hint: imageinfo in MediaWiki API Call it and convert the file reference to a URL)

Problem supplement (About "MediaWiki API")

I referred to the following two links regarding the MediaWiki API. MediaWiki API: Main page of API imageinfo: Explanation of samples and parameters

Answer

Answer program [029. Get the URL of the national flag image.ipynb](https://github.com/YoheiFukuhara/nlp100/blob/master/03.%E6%AD%A3%E8%A6%8F%E8%A1 % A8% E7% 8F% BE / 029.% E5% 9B% BD% E6% 97% 97% E7% 94% BB% E5% 83% 8F% E3% 81% AEURL% E3% 82% 92% E5% 8F% 96% E5% BE% 97% E3% 81% 99% E3% 82% 8B.ipynb)

from collections import OrderedDict
import json
import re
from urllib import request, parse

import pandas as pd

def extract_by_title(title):
    df_wiki = pd.read_json('jawiki-country.json', lines=True)
    return df_wiki[(df_wiki['title'] == title)]['text'].values[0]

wiki_body = extract_by_title('England')

basic = re.search(r'''
                    ^\{\{Basic information.*?\n  #Search term(\Is escape processing), Non-capture, non-greedy
                    (.*?)              #Arbitrary string
                    \}\}               #Search term(\Is escape processing)
                    $                  #End of string
                    ''', wiki_body, re.MULTILINE+re.VERBOSE+re.DOTALL)

templates = OrderedDict(re.findall(r'''
                          ^\|         # \Is escape processing, non-capture
                          (.+?)       #Capture target(key), Non-greedy
                          \s*         #0 or more whitespace characters
                          =           #Search terms, non-capture
                          \s*         #0 or more whitespace characters
                          (.+?)       #Capture target(Value), Non-greedy
                          (?:         #Start a group that is not captured
                            (?=\n\|)  #new line(\n)+'|'In front of(Affirmative look-ahead)
                          | (?=\n$)   #Or a line break(\n)+Before the end(Affirmative look-ahead)
                          )           #End of group not captured
                         ''', basic.group(1), re.MULTILINE+re.VERBOSE+re.DOTALL))

#Markup removal
def remove_markup(string):
    
    #Removal of highlighted markup
    #Removal target:''Distinguish from others''、'''Emphasis'''、'''''斜体とEmphasis'''''
    replaced = re.sub(r'''
                       (\'{2,5})   #2-5'(Start of markup)
                       (.*?)       #Any one or more characters (target character string)
                       (\1)        #Same as the first capture (end of markup)
                       ''', r'\2', string, flags=re.MULTILINE+re.VERBOSE)

    #Removal of internal link files
    #Removal target:[[Article title]]、[[Article title|Display character]]、[[Article title#Section name|Display character]]、[[File:Wi.png|thumb|Explanatory text]]
    replaced = re.sub(r'''
        \[\[             # '[['(Markup start)
        (?:              #Start a group that is not captured
            [^|]*?       # '|'Characters other than 0 characters or more, non-greedy
            \|           # '|'
        )*?              #Group end, this group appears 0 or more, non-greedy(Changes from No27)
        (                #Group start, capture target
          (?!Category:)  #Negative look-ahead(If it is included, it is excluded.)
          ([^|]*?)    # '|'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy(Character string to be displayed)
        )
        \]\]        # ']]'(Markup finished)
        ''', r'\1', replaced, flags=re.MULTILINE+re.VERBOSE)

    # Template:Removal of Lang
    #Removal target:{{lang|Language tag|String}}
    replaced = re.sub(r'''
        \{\{lang    # '{{lang'(Markup start)
        (?:         #Start a group that is not captured
            [^|]*?  # '|'0 or more characters other than, non-greedy
            \|      # '|'
        )*?         #Group end, this group appears 0 or more, non-greedy
        ([^|]*?)    #Capture target,'|'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy(Character string to be displayed)
        \}\}        # '}}'(Markup finished)
        ''', r'\1', replaced, flags=re.MULTILINE+re.VERBOSE)
    
    #Removal of external links
    #Target to be removed[http(s)://xxxx] 、[http(s)://xxx xxx]
    replaced = re.sub(r'''
        \[https?:// # '[http://'(Markup start)
        (?:           #Start a group that is not captured
            [^\s]*? #Zero or more non-blank characters, non-greedy
            \s      #Blank
        )?          #Group ends, this group appears 0 or 1
        ([^]]*?)    #Capture target,']'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy (character string to be displayed)
        \]          # ']'(End of markup)
        ''', r'\1', replaced, flags=re.MULTILINE+re.VERBOSE)

    #HTML tag removal
    #Target to be removed<xx> </xx> <xx/>
    replaced = re.sub(r'''
        <           # '<'(Start markup)
        .+?         #1 or more characters, non-greedy
        >           # '>'(End of markup)
        ''', '', replaced, flags=re.MULTILINE+re.VERBOSE)

    return replaced

for i, (key, value) in enumerate(templates.items()):
    replaced = remove_markup(value)
    templates[key] = replaced

#Request generation
url = 'https://www.mediawiki.org/w/api.php?' \
    + 'action=query' \
    + '&titles=File:' + parse.quote(templates['National flag image']) \
    + '&format=json' \
    + '&prop=imageinfo' \
    + '&iiprop=url'

#Send a request to a MediaWiki service
connection = request.urlopen(request.Request(url))

#Receive as json
response = json.loads(connection.read().decode())

print(response['query']['pages']['-1']['imageinfo'][0]['url'])

Answer commentary

The main part of this time is the following part. For the URL parameter, the value of "national flag image" is obtained from the dictionary created by the regular expression (Since spaces etc. are mixed if it is simply obtained, [ʻurllib.parse.quote` function]( Encoded using https://docs.python.org/ja/3/library/urllib.parse.html#urllib.parse.quote). It is easy to win without authentication.

python

#Request generation
url = 'https://www.mediawiki.org/w/api.php?' \
    + 'action=query' \
    + '&titles=File:' + parse.quote(templates['National flag image']) \
    + '&format=json' \
    + '&prop=imageinfo' \
    + '&iiprop=url'

#Send a request to a MediaWiki service
connection = request.urlopen(request.Request(url))

#Receive as json
response = json.loads(connection.read().decode())

print(response['query']['pages']['-1']['imageinfo'][0]['url'])

Output result (execution result)

When the program is executed, the following results will be output.

Output result

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg

This image.