[PYTHON] High charts on Jupyter notebook

What is Highcharts

A visualization library that works with Javascript. It has the following functions / features.

• Pure JavaScript No plugin required, just two JS files
• Various chart types
• Line graph
• Spline curve
• Area chart
• Area spline
• Horizontal bar graph
• Column chart
• Scatter plot
• OHLC
• Candlestick
• Area range
• Area spline range
• Range selector
• Quickly display time series data
• Select time range 1 month, 1 year, date designation
• Zoom time range chart
• Tooltip label
• Display information about data series and points in tooltip text
• Move the mouse over the graph to see a tooltip
• Export and print Click the * button to export in the specified format PNG、JPG、PDF、SVG
• Print charts directly from a web page

It is very sophisticated, but there is a charge for commercial use.

Why Highcharts?

beautiful

As you can see from the sample on the Official Site, you can draw a beautiful and cool graph without any ingenuity.

Light

It is a detonation velocity. As a sample, let's draw a scatter plot in which 1000 points as shown below are color-coded into 7 groups.

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

num = 1000
x, y = np.random.random((2, num))
labels = np.random.choice(['a', 'b', 'c', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h'], num)
df = pd.DataFrame(dict(x=x, y=y, label=labels))

Let's compare it with the following three typical libraries.

1. Matplotlib
2. Bokeh
3. Plotly

Matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
groups = df.groupby('label')
colors = 'bgrcmyk'
for i, (name, group) in enumerate(groups):
    plt.scatter(group.x, group.y, color=colors[i])

Bokeh

from bokeh.charts import Scatter, output_notebook, show
output_notebook()
show(Scatter(x='x', y='y', color='label', data=df))

Plotly

from plotly.offline import init_notebook_mode, iplot
init_notebook_mode()
groups = df.groupby('label')
data = [{'x': group.x, 'y': group.y, 'mode': 'markers', 'name': name} for name, group in groups]
fig = {'data': data}
iplot(fig)

Highcharts

from highcharts import Highchart

groups = df.groupby('label')
options = {
    'chart': {
        'type': 'scatter',
    },
}
H = Highchart()
H.set_dict_options(options)
for name, group in groups:
    data = list(zip(group.x, group.y))
    H.add_data_set(data, 'scatter', name)
H

The result looks like this.

Including import (initialization)

import (initialization) not included

There are many possible reasons, but it's light.

%% html implemented with magic

Highcharts is a JavaScript library, so you need to make some ingenuity to use it with Jupyter notebook. There is a way to use a template engine etc., but as a simple example, let's use %% html magic.

from IPython.display import HTML

%%html
    <script src="http://code.highcharts.com/highcharts.js"></script>
    <script src="http://code.highcharts.com/modules/exporting.js"></script>
    <div id="container" style="width:300px; height:200px;"></div>
    <script>
        plot = function () { 
            $('#container').highcharts({
                chart: {
                    type: 'line'
                },
                series: [{
                    data: [1, 2, 3]
                }]
            });
        };
        plot();
    </script>

Implemented with python-highchart

In the %% html magic mentioned above, you're just writing JavaScript, not Python. Furthermore, when you want to handle variables, you need to use a template engine etc., which is troublesome.

So, let's use python-highcharts, which can call Highcharts from Python.

Installation

You can install it with pip.

pip install python-highcharts

Line graph

If you implement the same line graph implemented by %% html magic mentioned above with python-highcharts, it will be as follows.

from highcharts import Highchart

H = Highchart(width=300, height=200)
H.add_data_set([1, 2, 3])
H

It's very clean and can now be written in Python.

Graph options

For the appearance of the graph, pass the dictionary type value to highcharts.Highchart.set_options (). See the Highcharts Reference (http://api.highcharts.com/highcharts) for possible values.

from highcharts import Highchart

H = Highchart(width=300, height=200)
options = {
    'title': {
        'text': 'Main title'
    },
    'subtitle': {
        'text': 'subtitle'
    },
    'xAxis': {
        'title': {'text': 'X axis'}
    },
    'yAxis': {
        'title': {'text': 'Y axis'},
        'lineWidth': 2
    },
}
H.set_dict_options(options)
H.add_data_set([1, 2, 3])
H

It is also possible to set for each individual parameter. This may be more readable.

from highcharts import Highchart

H = Highchart(width=300, height=200)
H.set_options('title', {'text': 'Main title'})
H.set_options('subtitle', {'text': 'subtitle'})
H.set_options('xAxis', {'title': {'text': 'X axis'}})
H.set_options('yAxis', {'title': {'text': 'Y axis'}, 'lineWidth': 2})
H.add_data_set([1, 2, 3])
H

The appearance of the element is set with highcharts.Highchart.add_data_set ().

from highcharts import Highchart

H = Highchart(width=300, height=200)
H.add_data_set([1, 2, 3], dashStyle='ShortDash', color='plum', lineWidth=6)
H

Graph type

Specify the graph type in the second argument of highcharts.Highchart.add_data_set (). The specification of each position parameter is as follows.

In the example below, the first element outputs an area chart named data1 and the second element outputs a bar graph named data2.

from highcharts import Highchart

H = Highchart(width=300, height=200)
H.add_data_set([1, 2, 3], 'area', 'data1')
H.add_data_set([4, 5, 6], 'bar', 'data2')
H

Drill down

Clicking on a graph element will bring up another graph ... and so on.

Pass dictionary data to each element of highcharts.Highchart.add_data_set (). Set the dictionary key to drilldown and the value to the name corresponding to the drilldown.

To specify the element after drilling down, specify the three arguments of the position parameter described above in highcharts.Highchart.add_drilldown_data_set (). Make the third name correspond to the higher element.

from highcharts import Highchart

H = Highchart(width=400, height=200)
data = [{
    'y': 1,
    'drilldown': 'a'
}, {
    'y': 2,
    'drilldown': 'b'
}, {
    'y': 3,
    'drilldown': 'c'
}]
H.add_data_set(data, 'column')
H.add_drilldown_data_set([0.3, 0.4, 0.3], 'pie', 'a')
H.add_drilldown_data_set([4, 5, 6], 'line', 'b')
H.add_drilldown_data_set([7, 8, 9], 'area', 'c')
H

Bonus (Yakiu hack)

As an example of using drill down, let's create a graph that displays the number of wins of 12 professional baseball teams in 2016 on a bar graph, and clicks each element to output the number of wins of the pitcher.

import pandas as pd
from highcharts import Highchart


class Team:
    def __init__(self):
        self.team_names = ['Hawks', 'Fighters', 'Marines', 'Lions',
                           'Buffaloes', 'Eagles', 'Swallows', 'Giants',
                           'Tigers', 'Carp', 'Dragons', 'BayStars']
        self.urls = [self.make_url(x) for x in self.team_names]
        self.dfs = [self.load_pitcher_win_data(url) for url in self.urls]
        self.wins = [df['win'].sum() for df in self.dfs]
        self.team_data = [
            self.make_y_dict(team_name, wins)
            for team_name, wins in zip(self.team_names, self.wins)
        ]
        self.pitcher_data = [df.values.tolist() for df in self.dfs]

    def make_url(self, team_name):
        def join_url(x):
            return ''.join(('http://npb.jp/bis/2016/stats/idp1_', x, '.html'))

        if team_name == 'Buffaloes':
            return join_url('bs')
        elif team_name == 'BayStars':
            return join_url('db')
        else:
            return join_url(team_name[0].lower())

    def load_pitcher_win_data(self, url):
        tables = pd.read_html(url)
        df = tables[0].iloc[2:, [1, 3]]
        df.columns = ['pitcher', 'win']
        df['win'] = df['win'].astype(float)
        return df[df['win'] > 0]

    def make_y_dict(self, team_name, wins):
        return {'name': team_name, 'y': wins, 'drilldown': team_name}

t = Team()

options = {
    'chart': {
        'type': 'column'
    },
    'title': {
        'text': '2016 wins'
    },
    'subtitle': {
        'text': 'Click the columns to view pitchers.'
    },
    'xAxis': {
        'type': 'category'
    },
    'yAxis': {
        'title': {
            'text': 'win'
        }
    },
    'legend': {
        'enabled': False
    },
    'plotOptions': {
        'series': {
            'borderWidth': 0,
            'dataLabels': {
                'enabled': True,
            }
        }
    },
    'tooltip': {
        'headerFormat':
        '<span style="font-size:11px">{series.name}</span><br>',
    },
}


H = Highchart(width=850, height=400)
H.set_dict_options(options)
H.add_data_set(t.team_data, 'column', "Team", colorByPoint=True)
for i, team_name in enumerate(t.team_names):
    H.add_drilldown_data_set(
        t.pitcher_data[i], 'column', team_name, name=team_name)
H

Implemented with pandas-highcharts

Installation

You can install it with pip.

pip install pandas-highcharts

As the name implies, it draws pandas DataFrames with Highcharts. You can output a graph just by passing the same arguments as pandas.DataFrame.plot () to pandas_highcharts.display.display_charts.

import pandas as pd
from pandas_highcharts.display import display_charts

df = pd.DataFrame([1, 2, 3], index=[list('abc')])
display_charts(df, figsize=(300, 200))

Specifying the graph type is the same as pandas.

import pandas as pd
from pandas_highcharts.display import display_charts

df = pd.DataFrame([1, 2, 3], index=[list('abc')])
display_charts(df, kind='bar', figsize=(300, 200))

In terms of functionality, python-highcharts is more abundant, but if you want to visualize pandas data, this is easier.