| No. | Method | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | os.sep | Get the path delimiter in the corresponding OS. Linux/Unix is "/, Windows is "\」 |
| 2 | os.name | Get the name of the corresponding OS. Linux/Unix is "posix", Windows is "nt" |
| 3 | os.getcwd() | Get the current path. Equivalent to the Linux command "pwd" |
| 4 | os.getenv(env_name) | Get the environment variable by the specified environment variable name |
| 5 | os.listdir(path) | Get all folder names and file names directly under the specified path as an array. If no path is specified, the current path is adopted as the default value. |
| 6 | os.remove(file_name) | Delete the specified file |
| 7 | os.stat(file_name) | Gets the attributes of the specified file. Attribute details:http://www.w3big.com/ja/python/os-stat.html |
| 8 | os.chmod(path, mode) | Change the access authority of the specified file or folder. Example: os.chmod('f1.txt', 0o664) Note: mode is an octal number, so you need to specify "0o" at the beginning. |
| 9 | os.mkdir(dir_name) | Create a folder |
| 10 | os.rmdir(dir_name) | Delete the specified folder |
| 11 | os.linesep | Get the line feed code for the corresponding OS. Linux is "\n ", Unix is"\r ", Windows is"\r\n」 |
| 12 | os.path.isfile(path) | Determine if the specified path is a file |
| 13 | os.path.isdir(path) | Determine if the specified path is a folder |
| 14 | os.path.exists(path) | Determine if the specified path exists |
| 15 | os.path.getsize(file_name) | Get the size of the specified file |
| 16 | os.path.abspath(file_name) | Get the absolute path of the specified file |
| 17 | os.path.isabs(file_path) | Determines if the specified file path is an absolute path |
| 18 | os.path.splitext(file_name) | Divide the name and extension of the specified file and get it as Tuple type |
| 19 | os.path.join(dir_path, file_name) | Combine folder path and file name |
| 20 | os.path.basename(file_path) | Get the file name of the specified path |
| 21 | os.path.dirname(file_path) | Get the folder path of the specified file |
■ shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst[, length])
Copy the contents of the file. The fdst file must exist in advance.
shutil.copyfileobj(open('old.xml','r'), open('new.xml', 'w'))
■ shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
Copy the file. The dst file does not need to exist in advance.
shutil.copyfile('f1.log', 'f2.log')
■ shutil.copymode(src, dst)
Copy the permissions on the file. The dst file must exist in advance.
shutil.copymode('f1.log', 'f2.log')
■ shutil.copystat(src, dst)
Copy the attributes of the file.
os.stat('f1.txt')
>>> os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=4067417, st_dev=66309, st_nlink=1, st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=11, st_atime=1592114811, st_mtime=1592113011, st_ctime=1592114642)
os.stat('f4.txt')
>>> os.stat_result(st_mode=33188, st_ino=4065524, st_dev=66309, st_nlink=1, st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=0, st_atime=1592115009, st_mtime=1592115009, st_ctime=1592115009)
shutil.copystat('f1.txt', 'f4.txt')
os.stat('f4.txt')
>>> os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=4065524, st_dev=66309, st_nlink=1, st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=0, st_atime=1592114811, st_mtime=1592113011, st_ctime=1592115138)
■ shutil.copy(src, dst)
Copy the contents of the file and permissions.
shutil.copy = shutil.copyfile + shutil.copymode
shutil.copy('f1.log', 'f2.log')
■ shutil.copy2(src, dst)
Copy the contents and attributes of the file.
shutil.copy2 = shutil.copyfile + shutil.copystat
shutil.copy2('f1.log', 'f2.log')
■ shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None)
Recursively copy the contents of the folder. The default is not to copy the system link file, it can be changed with the ** symlinks ** parameter. The ** ignore ** parameter allows you to specify the pattern of files you do not want to copy.
#Copy the contents of dir01 to dir02 and ignore files with the extension "txt" and the beginning "tmp"
ignore_pattern = shutil.ignore_patterns('*.txt', 'tmp*')
shutil.copytree('dir01', 'dir02', ignore=ignore_pattern)
■ shutil.rmtree(path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]])
Recursively delete folders
shutil.rmtree('dir04')
■ shutil.move(src, dst)
Move files and folders
shutil.move('folder1', 'folder3')
■ shutil.make_archive(base_name, format,...)
Compress the file.
--base_name: Compressed file name --format: Compressed format --"zip, tar, bztar, gztar" --root_dir: Folder path to be compressed (default is the current path)
shutil.make_archive('data', 'gztar', root_dir='/data')
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