Django 3.0 wurde vor 3 Tagen offiziell veröffentlicht. Knotenverknüpfung freigeben Bei so vielen Änderungen bin ich sehr daran interessiert, die Unterstützung für "ASGI" hinzuzufügen. Ich würde es gerne tatsächlich benutzen. : sonnig:
ASGI (Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface) ist der spirituelle Nachfolger von WSGI und soll eine Standardschnittstelle zwischen asynchronen Python-Webservern, Frameworks und Anwendungen bereitstellen.
Während WSGI den Standard für synchrone Python-Apps bereitstellte, bietet ASGI sowohl asynchrone als auch synchrone Apps mit einer abwärtskompatiblen Implementierung von WSGI und mehreren Servern und Anwendungsframeworks.
Erstellen Sie eine virtuelle Umgebung zum Testen
mkvirtualenv django3.0
Installieren Sie Django
pip3 install django
Stellen Sie nach Abschluss der Installation sicher, dass Sie über Django 3.0 verfügen
(django3.0) ~ $ pip3 list
Package Version
---------- -------
asgiref 3.2.3
Django 3.0
pip 19.3.1
pytz 2019.3
setuptools 42.0.2
sqlparse 0.3.0
wheel 0.33.6
Lassen Sie uns ein neues Projekt erstellen und einen Server starten
mkdir django-test
&&
django-admin startproject newtest
&&
cd newtest/
&&
python3 manage.py runserver
Lassen Sie uns auf Nr. 8000 zugreifen und Sie können die bekannte Rakete sehen.
Bisher Yoshi!: Entspannt :: point_up:
How to deploy with ASGI¶
As well as WSGI, Django also supports deploying on ASGI, the emerging Python standard for asynchronous web servers and applications.
Django’s startproject management command sets up a default ASGI configuration for you, which you can tweak as needed for your project, and direct any ASGI-compliant application server to use.
Django includes getting-started documentation for the following ASGI servers:
How to use Django with Daphne
How to use Django with Uvicorn
The application object¶
Like WSGI, ASGI has you supply an application callable which the application server uses to communicate with your code. It’s commonly provided as an object named application in a Python module accessible to the server.
The startproject command creates a file <project_name>/asgi.py that contains such an application callable.
It’s not used by the development server (runserver), but can be used by any ASGI server either in development or in production.
ASGI servers usually take the path to the application callable as a string; for most Django projects, this will look like myproject.asgi:application.
Warning
While Django’s default ASGI handler will run all your code in a synchronous thread, if you choose to run your own async handler you must be aware of async-safety.
Do not call blocking synchronous functions or libraries in any async code. Django prevents you from doing this with the parts of Django that are not async-safe, but the same may not be true of third-party apps or Python libraries.
Configuring the settings module¶
When the ASGI server loads your application, Django needs to import the settings module — that’s where your entire application is defined.
Django uses the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable to locate the appropriate settings module. It must contain the dotted path to the settings module. You can use a different value for development and production; it all depends on how you organize your settings.
If this variable isn’t set, the default asgi.py sets it to mysite.settings, where mysite is the name of your project.
Applying ASGI middleware¶
To apply ASGI middleware, or to embed Django in another ASGI application, you can wrap Django’s application object in the asgi.py file. For example:
from some_asgi_library import AmazingMiddleware
application = AmazingMiddleware(application)
Öffnen wir den offiziellen Link, um zu sehen, was "Daphne" ist Link.
How to use Django with Daphne¶
Daphne is a pure-Python ASGI server for UNIX, maintained by members of the Django project. It acts as the reference server for ASGI.
Installing Daphne¶
You can install Daphne with pip:
python -m pip install daphne
Running Django in Daphne¶
When Daphne is installed, a daphne command is available which starts the Daphne server process. At its simplest, Daphne needs to be called with the location of a module containing an ASGI application object, followed by what the application is called (separated by a colon).
For a typical Django project, invoking Daphne would look like:
daphne myproject.asgi:application
This will start one process listening on 127.0.0.1:8000. It requires that your project be on the Python path; to ensure that run this command from the same directory as your manage.py file.
Übersetzt
Versuchen wir: point_up:
Daphne Installation
pip3 install daphne
Server starten
daphne [Projektname].asgi:application
Als ich auf 8000 zugegriffen habe, konnte ich die Rakete wieder sehen, obwohl sich die Charaktere ein wenig verändert haben. : Auge:
Ich werde einen Browser öffnen und eine Websocket-Nachricht senden.
Wird "500" zurückgegeben, lautet die Fehlermeldung wie folgt.
2019-12-05 11:02:09,533 ERROR Exception inside application: Django can only handle ASGI/HTTP connections, not websocket.
File "/Envs/django3.0/lib/python3.7/site-packages/daphne/cli.py", line 30, in asgi
await self.app(scope, receive, send)
File "/Envs/django3.0/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/asgi.py", line 146, in __call__
% scope['type']
Django can only handle ASGI/HTTP connections, not websocket.
Es scheint etwas in Zeile 146 von asgi.py
zu geben, schauen wir uns das an.
asgi.py
async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send):
"""
Async entrypoint - parses the request and hands off to get_response.
"""
# Serve only HTTP connections.
# FIXME: Allow to override this.
if scope['type'] != 'http':
raise ValueError(
'Django can only handle ASGI/HTTP connections, not %s.'
% scope['type']
)
# Receive the HTTP request body as a stream object.
try:
body_file = await self.read_body(receive)
except RequestAborted:
return
# Request is complete and can be served.
set_script_prefix(self.get_script_prefix(scope))
Beachten Sie den zweizeiligen Kommentar unten.
# Serve only HTTP connections.
# FIXME: Allow to override this.
Die möglichen Ursachen sind wie folgt.
Aktuelles Django 3.0, wenn Sie Websocket verwenden möchten, empfehlen wir die Verwendung des Django-Channel-Pakets.
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