[GO] I wrote a design pattern in kotlin Singleton edition

To learn the concept of Interface and the reusability of objects, which are important in object orientation ["Introduction to design patterns learned in Java language"](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E5%A2%97% E8% A3% 9C% E6% 94% B9% E8% A8% 82% E7% 89% 88Java% E8% A8% 80% E8% AA% 9E% E3% 81% A7% E5% AD% A6% E3% 81% B6% E3% 83% 87% E3% 82% B6% E3% 82% A4% E3% 83% B3% E3% 83% 91% E3% 82% BF% E3% 83% BC% E3% 83% B3% E5% 85% A5% E9% 96% 80-% E7% B5% 90% E5% 9F% 8E-% E6% B5% A9 / dp / 4797327030 / ref = sr_1_1? __mk_ja_JP =% E3% 82% AB % E3% 82% BF% E3% 82% AB% E3% 83% 8A & keywords = java% E8% A8% 80% E8% AA% 9E% E3% 81% A7% E5% AD% A6% E3% 81% B6 % E3% 83% 87% E3% 82% B6% E3% 82% A4% E3% 83% B3% E3% 83% 91% E3% 82% BF% E3% 83% BC% E3% 83% B3% E5 I learned about% 85% A5% E9% 96% 80 & qid = 1559563427 & s = gateway & sr = 8-1) and decided to write in Java and then in kotlin. This time I will summarize Singleton.

Also, thank you to @sdkei for reviewing in the comments section. I have reflected the revised content based on the review, so I will write it based on that point as well.

What is Singleton

A singleton is a term that refers to a set that has only one element, and is defined as a pattern that plays the following roles.

I want to guarantee that there is absolutely only one instance of the specified class
I want to programmatically express that there is only one instance

Singleton class

In this class, the singleton member defined as a static field is initialized with an instance of the Singleton class, but it is initialized only once when the class is loaded. In addition, it is guaranteed that only one instance will be created by preventing access from the outside with private.

For kotlin, there is no definition of static, instead define a companion object.

Reference: How to write static members in Kotlin?

Also, if you define companion object and decompile it, it will be accessed from getter / setter via Companion object, so const or @JvmField will be used. However, since const is only primitive type or String type, @JvmField is specified for non-primitive type, and if @JvmField is specified for primitive type, the initial value is assigned twice, so it is necessary to use it properly. However, @JvmField is used to give visibility to Field, so it could not be used in this private.

Reference: [Kotlin] [Java] Kotlin Java comparison memo Calling Kotlin from Java

__ Addendum: @sdkei Thank you for your review! __ After receiving a review, it is said that Kotlin can be implemented more easily by using object declaration even if it is not implemented as above. ⇒Singleton2.kt,SingletonSample2.kt

Reference: Design pattern with Kotlin Singleton Object Expressions and Declarations

`Singleton.java`


class Singleton {
	private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
	private Singleton() {
		System.out.println("You have created an instance.");
	}
	public static Singleton getInstance() {
		return singleton;
	}
}

`Singleton.kt`


class Singleton {
    init { println("You have created an instance.") }
    companion object {
       private val singleton = Singleton()
       fun getInstance() = this.singleton
    }
}

`Singleton2.kt`


object Singleton {
    init { println("You have created an instance.") }
}

Main class

`SingletonSample.java`


public class SingletonSample {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("Start.");
		Singleton s1 = Singleton.getInstance();
		Singleton s2 = Singleton.getInstance();
		if (s1 == s2) {
			System.out.println("s1 and s2 are the same instance.");
		} else {
			System.out.println("s1 and s2 are not the same instance.");
		}
		System.out.println("End.");
	}
}

`SingletonSample.kt`


fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    println("Start.")
    val s1 = Singleton.getInstance()
    val s2 = Singleton.getInstance()
    if (s1 == s2) println("s1 and s2 are the same instance.")
    else println("s1 and s2 are not the same instance.")
    println("End.")
}

`SingletonSample2.kt`


fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    println("Start.")
    val s1 = Singleton
    val s2 = Singleton
    if (s1 == s2) println("s1 and s2 are the same instance.")
    else println("s1 and s2 are not the same instance.")
    println("End.")
}

`Execution result`


Start.
You have created an instance.
s1 and s2 are the same instance.
End.

Class diagram

Impressions

Learned that the singleton member defined as a static field is initialized only once when the Singleton class is loaded, and is private to prevent external access to ensure that only one instance is created. That's right.
I also learned that the above guarantees are beneficial for implementations that need to be unique, such as serial numbers.
I learned the following points about Kotlin

Define companion object {} instead of static
In companion, specify const for primitive type and String type, and @JvmField for non-primitive type.
If private, use as is
The Singleton pattern can be easily used by object declaration.

reference

It was very easy to read and understand by referring to the following.

How should I write static members in Kotlin? [Kotlin] [Java] Kotlin Java comparison memo Calling Kotlin from Java Design pattern with Kotlin Singleton Object Expressions and Declarations