"""
29.Get the URL of the national flag image
Use the contents of the template to get the URL of the national flag image. (Hint:Call imageinfo of MediaWiki API to convert file reference to URL)
"""
import json
import re
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
import requests
import utils
def get_uk_text(path):
with open(path) as f:
for line in f:
line_data = json.loads(line)
if line_data["title"] == "England":
data = line_data
break
return data["text"]
def get_basic_info(string: str) -> str:
"""Get basic information section
"""
pattern = re.compile(
r"""
^\{\{Basic information.*?$ # '{{Basic information'Lines starting with
(.*?) #Capture target, any 0 or more characters, non-greedy
^\}\}$ # '}}'Lines ending with
""",
re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL | re.VERBOSE,
)
return re.findall(pattern, string)[0]
def get_content(string: str) -> list:
r"""
https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax
RE:
- re.X (re.VERBOSE) Allow us add command to explain the regular expression
- re.M (re.MULTILINE) Apply match to each line. If not specified, only match the first line.
- re.S (re.DOTALL) Allow to recognize '\n'
- [] Used to indicate a set of characters. [(+*)] will match any of the literal characters '(', '+', '*', or ')'.
- ^\| String begin with |
- ? Causes the resulting RE to match 0 or 1 repetitions
- *? The '*' qualifier is greedy.
Adding ? after the qualifier makes it perform the match in non-greedy or minimal fashion; as few characters as possible will be matched.
e.g. <.*> is matched against '<a> b <c>'
e.g. <.*?> will match only '<a>'
- (...) Matches whatever regular expression is inside the parentheses,
- (?=...) Matches if ... matches next, but doesn’t consume any of the string. This is called a lookahead assertion.
For example, Isaac (?=Asimov) will match 'Isaac ' only if it’s followed by 'Asimov'.
- (?:...) A non-capturing version of regular parentheses.
Input:
- '|National emblem link=（[[British coat of arms|National emblem]]）'
Return:
- {'National emblem link': '（[[British coat of arms|National emblem]]）'}
"""
pattern = re.compile(
r"""
^\| # '|'Lines starting with
(.+?) #Capture target (field name), any one or more characters, non-greedy
\s* #0 or more whitespace characters
=
\s* #0 or more whitespace characters
(.+?) #Capture target (value), any one or more characters, non-greedy
(?: #Start a group that is not captured
(?=\n\|) #new line+'|'Before (Affirmative look-ahead)
| #Or
(?=\n$) #new line+Before the end (affirmative look-ahead)
) #Group end
""",
re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL | re.VERBOSE,
)
result = re.findall(pattern, string)
return {k: v for k, v in result} # dict is ordered when using python 3.7
def remove_markup(target: str) -> str:
# ans26: remvoe highlight markup
"""
「'''Great britain'''」->「Great britain」
"""
pattern = re.compile(
r"""
(\'{2,5}) #2-5'(Start of markup)
(.*?) #Any one or more characters (target character string)
(\1) #Same as the first capture (end of markup)
""",
re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE,
)
target = pattern.sub(r"\2", target) #Switch the second group to whole
"""
and27: remove internal link and file
[[London]] -> London
[[British Prime Minister|Prime Minister]] -> Prime Minister
[[File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg|85px|British coat of arms]] -> British coat of arms
"""
pattern = re.compile(
r"""
\[\[ # '[['(Start of markup)
(?: #Start a group that is not captured
[^|]*? # '|'0 or more characters other than, non-greedy
\| # '|'
)*? #Group is 0 or more, non-greedy
([^|]*?) #Capture target,'|'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy (character string to be displayed)
\]\] # ']]'(End of markup)
""",
re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE,
)
target = pattern.sub(r"\1", target) #Switch the first group to whole
# ans28: remove markups as many as possible
# Remove {{}}
"""
{{lang|fr|Dieu et mon droit}} -> Dieu et mon droit
{{Temporary link|Lindsay Foil|en|Lindsay Hoyle}} -> Lindsay Hoyle
"""
pattern = re.compile(
r"""
\{\{ # '{{'(Start of markup)
.*? #0 or more characters, non-greedy
(?:
[^|]*?
\|
)*?
([^|]*?)
\}\} # '}}'(End of markup)
""",
re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE,
)
target = pattern.sub(r"\1", target)
# Remove <ref> pattern 1
"""
"66,435,600<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates|title=Population estimates - Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2019-06-26|date=2019-06-26}}</ref>",
->
"66,435,600",
"""
pattern = re.compile(r"<ref.*?</ref>")
target = pattern.sub(r"", target)
# Remove <ref> pattern 2
"""
('2,316.2 billion<ref name="imf-statistics-gdp" />', "2,316.2 billion"),
"""
pattern = re.compile(
r"""
< # '<'(Start of markup)
\/? # '/'Appears 0 or 1 (in the case of the end tag/There is)
ref # 'ref'
[^>]*? # '>'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy
> # '>'(End of markup)
""",
re.MULTILINE + re.VERBOSE,
)
target = pattern.sub(r"", target) # no space
# Replace <br> with ' ',the national anthem is easier to read
"""
"God Save the Queen}}{{en icon}}<br />God save the queen<br />{{center|File:United States Navy Band - God Save the Queen.ogg}}"
->
"God Save the Queen}}en icon God Save the Queen File:United States Navy Band - God Save the Queen.ogg",
"""
pattern = re.compile(
r"""
< # '<'(Start of markup)
\/? # '/'Appears 0 or 1 (in the case of the end tag/There is)
br # 'br'
[^>]*? # '>'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy
> # '>'(End of markup)
""",
re.MULTILINE + re.VERBOSE,
)
target = pattern.sub(r" ", target) # with space
# # Premove <br>, <ref> pattern 2
# """
# ("Established<br />(1707 Act)", "Established(1707 Act)"),
# ('2,316.2 billion<ref name="imf-statistics-gdp" />', "2,316.2 billion"),
# """
# pattern = re.compile(
# r"""
# < # '<'(Start of markup)
# \/? # '/'Appears 0 or 1 (in the case of the end tag/There is)
# [br|ref] # 'br'Or'ref'
# [^>]*? # '>'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy
# > # '>'(End of markup)
# """,
# re.MULTILINE + re.VERBOSE,
# )
# target = pattern.sub(r"", target)
# Remove external link [http://xxxx] 、[http://xxx xxx]
"""
[http://www.example.org] -> ''
[http://www.example.org display character] -> 'Display character'
"""
pattern = re.compile(
r"""
\[http.?:\/\/ # '[http://'(Start markup) or https
(?: #Start a group that is not captured
[^\s]*? #Zero or more non-blank characters, non-greedy
\s #Blank
)? #Group ends, this group appears 0 or 1
([^]]*?) #Capture target,']'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy (character string to be displayed)
\] # ']'(End of markup)
""",
re.MULTILINE + re.VERBOSE,
)
target = pattern.sub(r"\1", target)
return target
def get_flag_url(query: str) -> str:
# Send request to MediaWiki
request = urllib.request.Request(query, headers={"User-Agent": "Xu"})
connection = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
# get json data
data = json.loads(connection.read().decode())
utils.save_json(data, "29_wiki_api.json")
# get URL
url = data["query"]["pages"].popitem()[1]["imageinfo"][0]["url"]
return url
def get_flag_url_with_requests(query: str) -> str:
data = requests.get(query)
return re.search(r'"url":"(.+?)"', data.text).group[1]
# and20
uk_text = get_uk_text("jawiki-country.json") # See uk_text.txt
# ans25
basic_info = get_basic_info(uk_text)
fields = get_content(basic_info) # See 25_en_basic_info.json
# ans26, ans27, ans28
result = {k: remove_markup(v) for k, v in fields.items()} # See 26_no_markup.json
# ans29
flag_name = result["National flag image"]
query = (
"https://www.mediawiki.org/w/api.php?"
+ "action=query"
+ "&titles=File:"
+ urllib.parse.quote(flag_name)
+ "&format=json"
+ "&prop=imageinfo"
+ "&iiprop=url"
)
url1 = get_flag_url(query)
url2 = get_flag_url_with_requests(query)
print(url1)
assert url1 == url2
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