I've learned how to read permissions, so I'll take notes.
First, ** owning user ** and ** group ** are set for files and directories, and access rights are expressed by 9 characters such as rw-r--r--.
First, create an appropriate file and check the permissions with the ls -l command.
$ touch index.html
$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 user staff 0 12 25 10:55 index.html
** user ** User who owns the file or directory ** staff ** Group that owns files and directories
It shows what you can do with this index.html file.
-rw-r--r--
The view is divided into 1: 3: 3: 3
- rw- r-- r--
** - Indicates the file type **
** rw- Access right of the owning user (user) **
** r-- Access rights for owned group (staff) **
** r-- Access rights of other users **
** File type **
| Type | meaning |
|---|---|
| - | File |
| d | directory |
| l | Symbolic link |
** How to read access rights **
| mode | Authority |
|---|---|
| r (read) | Readable |
| w (write) | Writable |
| x (execute) | Executable |
So the permissions on the index.html file are
-rw-r--r-- 1 User staff 0 12 25 10:55 index.html
** User ** is ** readable and writable ** ** staff ** can only be read ** ** Other users ** can only read **
Becomes
rw-r--r-- This permission can be changed with the command chmod
rw- is user's ** u **
r-- is ** g ** of group
r-- is another ** o **
All of this ** a ** of all
Can be handled with
For example, if you want to give all permissions to all users (user, group, other), write like this
$ chmod a=rwxrwxrwx index.html
$ ls -l
total 0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 user staff 0 12 25 10:55 index.html
If you want to give g the authority rw o to rw
$ chmod g=rw,o=rw index.html
$ ls -l
total 0
-rwxrw-rw- 1 user staff 0 12 25 10:55 index.html
You can also add or delete permissions with + or -
$ chmod g+x,o-w index.html
$ ls -l
total 0
-rwxrwxr-- 1 user staff 0 12 25 10:55 index.html
It can also be represented by numbers
| mode | Numbers |
|---|---|
| r | 4 |
| w | 2 |
| x | 1 |
Access rights can be expressed by the sum of these numbers Example r + w + x = 7
| mode | Numbers |
|---|---|
| rwx | 7 |
| rw | 6 |
| r | 4 |
For example, if you want to give the authority rwxrw-r--
$ chmod 764 index.html
$ ls -l
total 0
-rwxrw-r-- 1 user staff 0 12 25 10:55 index.html
When you want to make it rw-rw-r--
$ chmod 664 index.html
$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 kuzeginjirou staff 0 12 25 10:55 index.html
I'm still studying, so I'd appreciate it if you could point out any corrections, etc. m (__) m
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