The author of this article is a beginner just starting to learn programming. I would appreciate it if you could point out any mistakes.
This article is a personal memo of what I learned by reading the Ruby on Rails 6 Practical Guide. It seems to be difficult to read because it is excerpted and picked up. Excuse me. This book also has a sequel Extension, and both books have been studied at the stage of writing the article. I will write an article for review as well. It is divided into 18 chapters, so we will divide it by heading.
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routes.rb
resources :staff_members do
resources :staff_evnets, only: [ :index ]
end
resources :staff_events, only: [ :index ]
When the above routing is set,
staff_events_controller.rb
def index
if params[:staff_member_id]
@staff_member = StaffMember.find(params[:staff_member_id])
@events = @staff_member.events.order(occurred_at: :desc)
else
@events = StaffEvent.order(occurred_at: :desc)
end
end
You can switch the process depending on whether the URL path includes staff_member_id. The same action can be used for both specific employee events and all events.
render collection
= render partial: "event", collection: @events
If you specify an array for the collection option of the render method in the template and call it, the partial template will be embedded repeatedly as many times as there are elements in the array.
I investigated in detail and wrote an article. Implementing iteration in View by rendering collection [Rails]
It is called N + 1 problem </ strong> that the number of queries is issued by adding 1 to the number of objects you want to get even though you can reduce the number of queries.
includes
@events = @events.includes(:member)
If you give the name of the association to the includes method, a query will be issued to get the associated model objects in bulk. The result is fewer queries issued, which often leads to better performance.
models/concern/string_normalizer.rb
require "nkf"
def normalize_as_text(text)
NKF.nkf("-W -w -Z1", text).strip if text
end
def normalize_as_furigana(text)
NKF.nkf("-W -w -Z1 --katakana", text).strip if text
end
The NKF module provides Japanese-specific conversion functions. The nkf method takes a flag string as the first argument and a string to be converted as the second argument, and returns the converted string.
| flag | meaning |
|---|---|
| -W | Input character code is UTF-Specify to be 8 |
| -w | UTF-Output at 8 |
| -Z1 | Convert full-width alphanumeric characters, symbols, and full-width spaces to half-width |
| --katakana | Convert Hiragana to Katakana |
Flag strings can be written concatenated.
NKF.nkf("-WwZ1", text)
The strip method strips blank strings at the beginning and end of the string.
before_vallidation
The process that is executed before and after the operation such as validation, save, and deletion of the model object is called callback </ strong> or hook </ strong>. before_validation is executed just before validation.
before_validation do
self.family_name = normalize_as_name(family_name)
self.family_name_kana = normalize_as_furigana(family_name_kana)
end
In the example above, the name and frigana are normalized before validation is performed.
Gem data-validaor
data-validator provides data type validation.
| option | What to check |
|---|---|
| after | After the specified date. However, the specified date is not included. |
| before | Before the specified date. However, the specified date is not included. |
| after_or_equal_to | After the specified date. However, it includes the specified date. |
| before_or_equal_to | Before the specified date. However, it includes the specified date. |
| allow_blank | If you do true, blanks are allowed |
before: -> (obj) { 1.year.from_now.to_date }
For date type validation, you can specify a base date dynamically by specifying a Proc object.
before: 1.year.from_now.to_date
It works even if you write it as above, but it causes unexpected results because the value of the before key is fixed based on the startup time.
validate
validate do
unless Staff::Authenticator.new(object).authenticate(current_password)
errors.add(:current_password, :wrong)
end
end
validate is used to implement validation in ways other than built-in validation.
The class responsible for generating the HTML code associated with an object is called a presenter </ strong>. It's not an official Rails term, but a concept born within the Rails community.
Presenter when the target is a model object.
app/presenters/model_presenter.rb
class ModelPresenter
attr_reader :object, :view_context
def initialize(object, view_context)
@object = object
@view_context = view_context
end
end
Define a StaffMemberPresenter class that inherits from the ModelPresenter class.
staff_member_presenter.rb
class StaffMemberPresenter < ModelPresenter
#Employee stop flag on/Returns a symbol that represents off
def suspended_mark
object.suspended? ?
view_context.raw("☑") :
view_context.raw("☐")
end
end
Usage example </ strong>
ruby:staff_members/index.html.haml
- @staff_members.each do |m|
- p = StaffMemberPresenter.new(m, self)
- p.suspended
I am creating an instance of StaffMemberPresenter. StaffMember object is specified as the first argument and self is specified as the second argument. The object referenced by self in the view template is called the view context </ strong>. This object has all the helper methods defined in Rails as its own methods.
Delegation allows you to write your code concisely.
model_presenter.rb
delegate :raw, to: :view_context
staff_member_presenter.rb
delegate :suspended?, to: :object
The delegate method defines an instance method with the name specified in the argument and delegates it to the object returned by the method specified in the to option.
In short, you can omit the receiver when calling the method. As a result of defining delegate, it is now possible to write concisely as below.
staff_member_presenter.rb
def suspended_mark
suspended? ? raw("☑") : raw("☐")
end
We will omit the HtmlBuilder module and form presenter.
We will add the URLs of the following articles one by one.
Ruby on Rails6 Practical Guide cp16 ~ cp18 [Memo] Ruby on Rails6 Practical Guide [Extensions] cp3 ~ cp6 [Memo] Ruby on Rails6 Practical Guide [Extensions] cp7 ~ cp9 [Memo] Ruby on Rails6 Practical Guide [Extensions] cp10 ~ cp12 [Memo]
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