Je veux faire quelque chose comme l'instruction CPUID x86 dans ARM, mais je n'ai pas pu exécuter l'instruction pour obtenir les informations CPU (MRC) dans l'espace utilisateur de Raspbian, j'ai donc créé un module de noyau.
Exclure Rt des opérandes de l'instruction ARM MRC coproc, #opcode1, CRn, CRm, #opcode2 , Espace d'adressage
python
+-----+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
|...20|19|18|17|16|15|14|13|12|11|10| 9| 8| 7| 6| 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 0|
+-----+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
|0..01| coproc |opcode1 | CRn | CRm |opcode2 | |
+-----+-----------+--------+-----------+-----------+--------+-----+
Rendez-le lisible dans le fichier de périphérique de caractères / dev / arm_mrc, qui ressemble à.
Puisque les données sont de 4 octets, les 2 bits inférieurs sont les positions d'octet dans les données.
L'adresse est spécifiée par la fonction lseek. La plage depuis le début est de 0x100000 à 0x1FFFFF.
Les données sont obtenues avec la fonction de lecture.
Le résultat d'une instruction MRC exécutée dans un module noyau Les informations ne sont pas toujours communes au noyau / à l'utilisateur.
Exécution d'instructions non définies dans un module noyau En fonction de la zone, des instructions non définies peuvent être exécutées et le traitement peut être interrompu.
Il y a trois fichiers. "make insmod" affichera "/ dev / arm_mrc". L'environnement est Raspbian Buster, Kernel Version 4.19.
arm_mrc.c
#include <uapi/linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("ikiuo");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Invoke MRC instruction");
MODULE_VERSION("0.1.0");
#if defined(DEBUG)
#define debug(x) printk x
#else
#define debug(x)
#endif
typedef struct class class_type;
typedef struct device device_type;
typedef struct cdev chrdev_type;
typedef struct inode inode_type;
typedef struct file file_type;
typedef struct file_operations file_handler;
typedef unsigned int (*mrc_func)(void);
static void *mrc_proc = NULL;
#define INS_MRC 0xee100010
#define INS_MOV_PC_LR 0xe1a0f00e /* MOV PC,LR */
#define INS_BX_LR 0xe12fff1e /* BX LR */
/* addr = [1:mode][4:cop][3:op1][4:CRn][4:CRm][3:op2][2:00] */
static const loff_t offset_max = (1 << (1+4+3+4+4+3+2));
static loff_t
device_llseek (file_type *file, loff_t offset, int mode)
{
debug((KERN_INFO "lseek(%p, %Ld, %d): call\n", file, offset, mode));
switch (mode)
{
default: return -EINVAL;
case SEEK_SET: offset += file->f_pos; break;
case SEEK_CUR: break;
case SEEK_END: offset += offset_max; break;
}
if (offset < 0) return -EINVAL;
if (offset > offset_max) return -EINVAL;
file->f_pos = offset;
debug((KERN_INFO "lseek(%p, %Ld, %d): end\n", file, offset, mode));
return offset;
}
static ssize_t
device_read (file_type *file, char *buffer, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
loff_t addr, rem, pos = *offset;
ssize_t total = 0;
size_t res_size;
loff_t res_pos;
unsigned int *ins = (unsigned int *) mrc_proc;
unsigned int cop, CRn, op1, CRm, op2;
loff_t mode;
unsigned int status;
if (pos < 0) return -EIO;
if (pos >= offset_max) return -EIO;
rem = offset_max - pos;
if (size > rem) size = rem;
while (size > 0)
{
addr = pos >> 2;
op2 = (addr >> 0) & 7;
CRm = (addr >> 3) & 15;
CRn = (addr >> 7) & 15;
op1 = (addr >> 11) & 7;
cop = (addr >> 14) & 15;
mode = (addr >> 18);
debug((KERN_INFO "read(%p, %p, %d, %Ld)\n", file, buffer, size, *offset));
status = 0;
if (mode != 1)
return -EIO;
ins[0] = INS_MRC | (op1 << 21) | (CRn << 16) | (cop << 8) | (op2 << 5) | CRm;
ins[1] = INS_MOV_PC_LR;
flush_kernel_vmap_range (ins, 16);
flush_icache_range ((unsigned long)ins,16);
status = ((mrc_func)ins) ();
res_pos = pos & 3;
res_size = 4 - res_pos;
if (res_size > size)
res_size = size;
__copy_to_user (buffer, ((char*)&status) + res_pos, res_size);
buffer += res_size;
size -= res_size;
pos += res_size;
total += res_size;
}
*offset = pos;
return total;
}
static int
device_open (inode_type *inode, file_type *file)
{
return (try_module_get (THIS_MODULE) ? 0 : -EBUSY);
}
static int
device_release (inode_type *inode, file_type *file)
{
module_put (THIS_MODULE);
return 0;
}
static file_handler handler = {
.llseek = device_llseek,
.read = device_read,
.open = device_open,
.release = device_release,
};
static chrdev_type cdev_mrc;
#define DEVICE_NAME "arm_mrc"
static const int arm_ins_buffer_type = 1;
static const char *device_name = DEVICE_NAME;
static int major_number = 0;
static int minor_base = 0;
static int minor_count = 1;
static class_type *device_class = NULL;
static device_type *sys_device = NULL;
static void *
arm_alloc_ins_buffer (void)
{
if (arm_ins_buffer_type)
return __vmalloc (256, GFP_KERNEL, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
else
return kmalloc (256, GFP_KERNEL);
}
static void
arm_free_ins_buffer (void *p)
{
if (p == NULL)
return;
if (arm_ins_buffer_type)
vfree (p);
else
kfree (p);
}
static void
arm_mrc_exit_chrdev (void)
{
dev_t dev = MKDEV (major_number, minor_base);
unregister_chrdev_region (dev, minor_count);
arm_free_ins_buffer (mrc_proc);
}
static void
arm_mrc_exit_cdev_chrdev (void)
{
cdev_del (&cdev_mrc);
arm_mrc_exit_chrdev ();
}
static void
arm_mrc_exit_all (void)
{
device_destroy (device_class, MKDEV (major_number, minor_base));
class_destroy (device_class);
arm_mrc_exit_cdev_chrdev ();
}
static int
__init arm_mrc_init (void)
{
dev_t dev;
int stat;
mrc_proc = arm_alloc_ins_buffer ();
if (mrc_proc == NULL) return -ENOMEM;
stat = alloc_chrdev_region (&dev, minor_base, minor_count, device_name);
if (stat < 0)
{
printk (KERN_ERR DEVICE_NAME ": alloc_chrdev_region failed: %d\n", stat);
return stat;
}
major_number = MAJOR (dev);
cdev_init (&cdev_mrc, &handler);
cdev_mrc.owner = THIS_MODULE;
stat = cdev_add (&cdev_mrc, dev, minor_count);
if (stat < 0)
{
printk (KERN_ERR DEVICE_NAME ": cdev_add failed: %d\n", stat);
arm_mrc_exit_chrdev ();
return stat;
}
device_class = class_create (THIS_MODULE, device_name);
if (IS_ERR(device_class))
{
printk (KERN_ERR DEVICE_NAME ": class_create failed\n");
arm_mrc_exit_cdev_chrdev ();
return -1;
}
sys_device = device_create(device_class, NULL, dev, NULL, DEVICE_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(sys_device))
{
arm_mrc_exit_all ();
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static void
__exit arm_mrc_exit (void)
{
arm_mrc_exit_all ();
}
module_init (arm_mrc_init);
module_exit (arm_mrc_exit);
Makefile
# Makefile
#MOD_DIR = /lib/modules/4.9.0-6-rpi
#MOD_DIR = /lib/modules/4.19.93+
#MOD_DIR = /lib/modules/4.19.93-v7+
MOD_DIR = /lib/modules/4.19.93-v7l+
DEVNAME = arm_mrc
KMOD = $(DEVNAME).ko
obj-m += $(DEVNAME).o
all: build
build: $(KMOD)
$(KMOD): $(DEVNAME).c
make -C $(MOD_DIR)/build M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
make -C $(MOD_DIR)/build M=$(PWD) clean
insmod: build
sudo cp 99-arm_mrc.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/
sudo insmod $(KMOD)
rmmod:
sudo rmmod $(KMOD)
99-arm_mrc.rules
KERNEL=="arm_mrc", GROUP="root", MODE="0666"
<détails> Tester les résultats de l'exécution du programme sur RaspberryPi 4
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test.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
int debug = 0;
int coproc = 0;
int opcode1 = 0;
int CRn = 0;
int CRm = 0;
int opcode2 = 0;
int fd;
off_t addr, spos;
ssize_t rdsz;
unsigned int value;
int exitcode = 0;
if (argc < 2)
{
printf ("Usage: %s coproc [opcode1 [CRn [CRm [opcode2]]]]\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
if (argc > 1) coproc = strtol (argv[1], NULL, 10);
if (argc > 2) opcode1 = strtol (argv[2], NULL, 10);
if (argc > 3) CRn = strtol (argv[3], NULL, 10);
if (argc > 4) CRm = strtol (argv[4], NULL, 10);
if (argc > 5) opcode2 = strtol (argv[5], NULL, 10);
if ((coproc > 15) || (opcode1 > 7) || (CRn > 15)
|| (CRm > 15) || (opcode2 > 7))
{
printf ("invalid argument.\n");
printf ("coproc=%d, opcode1=%d, CRn=%d, CRm=%d, opcode2=%d\n",
coproc, opcode1, CRn, CRm, opcode2);
return 1;
}
addr = ((1 << 20) | (coproc << 16) | (opcode1 << 13)
| (CRn << 9) | (CRm << 5) | (opcode2 << 2));
fd = open ("/dev/arm_mrc", O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf ("Can't open '/dev/arm_mrc': error=%d (%d)\n", fd, errno);
return 2;
}
spos = lseek (fd, addr, SEEK_SET);
if (addr != spos)
{
printf ("seek error: error=%d (%d)\n", spos, errno);
exitcode = 2;
}
else
{
rdsz = read (fd, &value, sizeof (value));
if (rdsz != sizeof (value))
{
printf ("read error: error=%d (%d)\n", spos, errno);
exitcode = 2;
}
else
{
printf ("MRC p%d,#%d,Rt,c%d,c%d,#%d; Rt=%#010x\n",
coproc, opcode1, CRn, CRm, opcode2, value);
}
}
close (fd);
return 0;
}
MIDR_EL1
$ ./test 15 0 0 0 0
MRC p15,0,Rt,c0,c0,0; Rt=0x410fd083
ID_PFR0_EL1
./test 15 0 0 1 0
MRC p15,0,Rt,c0,c1,0; Rt=0x00000131
ID_PFR1_EL1
$ ./test 15 0 0 1 1
MRC p15,0,Rt,c0,c1,1; Rt=0x00011011