What I learned about Kotlin

What is kotlin

Kotlin is an object-oriented programming language developed by JetBrains, famous for IntelliJ IDEA. Because the compiled code runs on the JVM, It is now possible to divert the assets created in JAVA so far.

Kotlin basic syntax

Variable declaration

//Declaring with val prevents reassignment of values
val firstName: String = "Tanaka"  
//No need to define each type in type inference
val lastName = "Taro"  
  
//Can be reassigned by declaring it with var
var age = 20  
age = 21

Array

//Array(array)Create
val nameList: Array<String> = arrayOf("tanaka", "saitou", "kimura")  
println(nameList[0]) //output by tanaka
  
//Rewriting elements of an array
nameList[1] = "sakurai"  
println(nameList[1]) //output by sakurai
  
//Array(list)Create
val animalList: List<String> = listOf("dog", "cat", "rabbit")  
println(animalList[0]) //dog outputs
  
//Rewriting elements of an array
animalList[1] = "tiger" //Error interface List is read-only

Even with List, mutableListOf () can be used to create a list that can be changed, so I'm not sure how to use Array and List properly.

map

//Map creation
val numberMap: MutableMap<String, Int> = mutableMapOf("one" to 1)  
println(numberMap["one"]) //1 is output
////Add value
numberMap["tow"] = 2  
println(numberMap)        // {one=1, tow=2}Outputs
  
//Map with mapOf
val reNumberMap: Map<Int, String> = mapOf(1 to "one")  
println(reNumberMap[1])   //1 is output
////Add value
reNumberMap["tow"] = 2    //Error mapOf is read-only

Conditional branch

//Ordinary if statement
if (true) {  
    println("if")   //if outputs
} else {  
    println("else")  
}  
  
//Kotlin doesn't have a ternary operator, so it looks like that
val animal = "dog"  
val isDog = if (animal == "dog") true else false  
println(isDog)      //true is output
  
//For empty check
val person:String? = null  
val personName = person?: "NoName"  
println(personName) //NoName is output
  
//When statement Similar to switch statement
val result = when("hoge") {  
    "hoge" -> "hoge"  
    "fuga" -> "fuga"  
     else -> "else"  
}  
println(result)     //hoge outputs

Loop processing

//while statement
var count = 5  
while(0 < count--) {  
    println("while count: ${count}")  
}  
  
//for statement
for (i in 1..5) {  
    println("for count: ${i}")  
}

Comparison of writing between JAVA and Kotlin

Add age, name, and gender to the user class I wrote the code to execute the self-introduction method.

Kotlin

user.kt

fun main() {  
    val user = userData(20, "Taro", "Men")  
    user.selfIntroduction()  
}

userData.kt

data class userData (  
    var age: Int? = 0,  
    var name: String = "NoName",  
    var gender: String? = null  
) {  
    fun selfIntroduction() {  
        println("My name is ${name}")  
        println("Age is ${age}")  
        println("Gender is ${gender}")  
    }  
}

JAVA

user.java

public class user {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        userData user = new userData(20, "Taro", "Men");  
        user.selfIntroduction();  
    }  
}

userData.java

public class userData {  
    private int age;  
    private String name;  
    private String gender;  
  
    public userData(int age, String name, String gender) {  
        this.age = age;  
        this.name = name;  
        this.gender = gender;  
    }  
  
    public void selfIntroduction() {  
        System.out.println("My name is " + this.name);  
        System.out.println("Age is " + this.age);  
        System.out.println("Gender is " + this.gender);  
    }  
}

The difference I felt after writing

No need for New to create constructor
It is not necessary to define the type because of the type inference function.
The trailing semicolon is not required
You can put an expression inside a string literal

Hello World with Spring Boot

environment

Windows10 Pro IntelliJ Community Edition 2020.2 JAVA 14

Make a template for the project

Use Spring Initializr to get the template of the project.

The setting is Project : Gradle Project Language : Kotlin Spring Boot : 2.3.4 ** Project Metadata **: Leave default Packaging Jar Java : 14 Dependencies : Spring Web

Finally, press ** GENERATE ** to download the project template

Build the template of the created project

From IntelliJ ** File → Open ... → Select the template of the downloaded project → Extract with the procedure of OK **

Create controller

For the demo / src / main / kotlin / com.example.demo / controller folder ** Right click → New → Press Kotlin File / Class ** Create HelloController.kt.

HelloController.kt

package com.example.demo.controller

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    fun hello():String {
        return "Hello World"
    }
}

Start the web server

Click the ** play button ** on the upper right to build

Connect

Connect to http: // localhost: 8080 when the build is finished

Impressions

I haven't touched JAVA so much, so I was worried that Kotlin would be okay without knowing JAVA. When I suddenly started writing from Kotlin, there was no problem with Kotlin suddenly Rather, I found it easier to get started with Kotlin. When I compared it with JAVA, the amount of code in Kotlin became smaller, I felt that type inference, data classes, etc. helped keep the code simple.