[Verification] Comparison of Spring Boot vs Micronaut boot speed

Java Advent Calendar 2019 This is the article on the 24th day.

I'm free even before Christmas: rage: I compared the simple startup speed of Spring Boot, which is a framework based on the JVM language, and Micronaut.

Spring is a framework that everyone in the know knows, so I will omit the introduction

What is Mirconaut

--A framework for microservices developed by OCI --JVM-based --1.0GA released in October 2018

Official site https://micronaut.io/

Feature

--Java / Groovy / Kotlin can be used as a program language --Compile Time DI & AOP is adopted --GraalVM and Native Image can also be used --CLI is provided --Fast startup --Small memory footprint

Verification

environment

• MacBook Pro

• SpringBoot v2.2.2.RELEASE

• Micronaut 1.2.7

Execution environment

• AdoptOpenJDK 11.0.4
• AdoptOpenJDK 8.0.232
• GraalVM 19.2.1
• JIT
• AOT(NativeImage)

Method

--Implement one simple REST API --Package in jar and start (java -jar xxx.jar) --Start 10 times in each execution environment and take the average value --Spring Boot measures boot speed with both Tomcat and Jetty

Implementation

SpringBoot

python

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping(value="/hello", method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello Spring";
    }
}

Start tomcat

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.2.2.RELEASE)

2019-12-23 14:29:46.247  INFO 73041 --- [           main] com.example.sphelloapp.DemoApplication   : Starting DemoApplication
2019-12-23 14:29:46.250  INFO 73041 --- [           main] com.example.sphelloapp.DemoApplication   : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2019-12-23 14:29:46.925  INFO 73041 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2019-12-23 14:29:46.935  INFO 73041 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2019-12-23 14:29:46.935  INFO 73041 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.29]
2019-12-23 14:29:46.984  INFO 73041 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2019-12-23 14:29:46.984  INFO 73041 --- [           main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 695 ms
2019-12-23 14:29:47.105  INFO 73041 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2019-12-23 14:29:47.214  INFO 73041 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2019-12-23 14:29:47.216  INFO 73041 --- [           main] com.example.sphelloapp.DemoApplication   : Started DemoApplication in 1.233 seconds (JVM running for 1.556)

Jetty launch

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.2.2.RELEASE)

2019-12-23 14:22:39.036  INFO 72942 --- [           main] c.e.sphelloappjetty.DemoApplication      : Starting DemoApplication
2019-12-23 14:22:39.038  INFO 72942 --- [           main] c.e.sphelloappjetty.DemoApplication      : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2019-12-23 14:22:39.651  INFO 72942 --- [           main] org.eclipse.jetty.util.log               : Logging initialized @1229ms to org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.Slf4jLog
2019-12-23 14:22:39.713  INFO 72942 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.e.j.JettyServletWebServerFactory : Server initialized with port: 8080
2019-12-23 14:22:39.716  INFO 72942 --- [           main] org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server          : jetty-9.4.24.v20191120; built: 2019-11-20T21:37:49.771Z; git: 363d5f2df3a8a28de40604320230664b9c793c16; jvm 1.8.0_232-20191009173705.graal.jdk8u-src-tar-gz-b07
2019-12-23 14:22:39.738  INFO 72942 --- [           main] o.e.j.s.h.ContextHandler.application     : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2019-12-23 14:22:39.739  INFO 72942 --- [           main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 664 ms
2019-12-23 14:22:39.815  INFO 72942 --- [           main] org.eclipse.jetty.server.session         : DefaultSessionIdManager workerName=node0
2019-12-23 14:22:39.815  INFO 72942 --- [           main] org.eclipse.jetty.server.session         : No SessionScavenger set, using defaults
2019-12-23 14:22:39.816  INFO 72942 --- [           main] org.eclipse.jetty.server.session         : node0 Scavenging every 660000ms
2019-12-23 14:22:39.821  INFO 72942 --- [           main] o.e.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler  : Started o.s.b.w.e.j.JettyEmbeddedWebAppContext@45f45fa1{application,/,[file:///private/var/folders/xk/q20_p4gd2xz1sfmtmngwjg380000gp/T/jetty-docbase.146795275059491819.8080/],AVAILABLE}
2019-12-23 14:22:39.822  INFO 72942 --- [           main] org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server          : Started @1400ms
2019-12-23 14:22:39.922  INFO 72942 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2019-12-23 14:22:40.036  INFO 72942 --- [           main] o.e.j.s.h.ContextHandler.application     : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2019-12-23 14:22:40.036  INFO 72942 --- [           main] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2019-12-23 14:22:40.040  INFO 72942 --- [           main] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 4 ms
2019-12-23 14:22:40.060  INFO 72942 --- [           main] o.e.jetty.server.AbstractConnector       : Started ServerConnector@37574691{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8080}
2019-12-23 14:22:40.062  INFO 72942 --- [           main] o.s.b.web.embedded.jetty.JettyWebServer  : Jetty started on port(s) 8080 (http/1.1) with context path '/'
2019-12-23 14:22:40.064  INFO 72942 --- [           main] c.e.sphelloappjetty.DemoApplication      : Started DemoApplication in 1.299 seconds (JVM running for 1.643)

(reference) Setting for jetty startup (gradle)

build.gradle

dependencies {
    compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web') {
        exclude module: 'spring-boot-starter-tomcat'
    }
    compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jetty')
}

Start Native Image

Spring does not officially support Native Image yet (scheduled to support 2Q 2020) The experimental version is on github, so verify it with this (Tomcat only, no Jetty) https://github.com/spring-projects-experimental/spring-graal-native

procedure

1. Clone spring-graal-native on GitHub
2. Execute ./build-feature.sh
3. Go to spring-graal-native-samples / springmvc-tomcat
4. Run ./compile.sh (1-2 minutes)
5. Go to the target folder and make sure springmvc-tomcat is generated
6. Run with ./springmvc-tomcat

This completes the preparation on the spring side

Micronaut

HelloController.java

@Controller
public class HelloController{

    @Get(value="/hello", produces = MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
    public String index(){
        return "Hello Micronaut";
    }
}

Start-up

14:37:49.383 [main] INFO  io.micronaut.runtime.Micronaut - Startup completed in 985ms. Server Running: http://localhost:8080

Start Native Image

Micronaut supports Native Image as standard, but you can enjoy it by creating a project dedicated to Native Image.

• As a prerequisite, Micronaut CLI must be installed. See here for Micronaut installation instructions procedure

1. $mn create-app hello-graal --features graal-native-image
2. Implement HelloController.java
3. Run ./gradlew build
4. Execute $ native-image --no-server -cp build / libs / hello-graal-0.1-all.jar (1 to 2 minutes)
5. Execute ./hello-graal

This completes the preparation on the Micronaut side

result

Consideration

--There is almost no difference in JDK (11, 8, GraalVM JIT). ――There is a difference of about 300ms between frameworks, but it depends on individual thoughts and cases whether this is regarded as large or small. In the case of the author, the difference is not particularly noticeable. --GraalVM AOT (Native Image) is overwhelmingly fast. --The question remains if it is said that there is a benefit to using Native Image even if the advantage of running on the JVM is abandoned. (I think it's okay because the JVM also starts in about 1 second) ――However, this time it was a super simple app, so if you have an app with a lot of class loads, you may feel the benefits of AOT even more in terms of startup time.

Finally

Since this time we are verifying with a simple app, the result may be different with an actual complex app, so we hope you can see it as a reference only. If I get the chance, I'll try to verify frameworks such as helidon and Quarkus.