[Disclaimer] We strive to provide as accurate information as possible, but incorrect information may be included or the information may become out of date. We do not necessarily guarantee accuracy, legality, or safety. (As expected, the amount of information has increased, so I will write it.)
(Shorthand 1) Pivotal, which provides the Spring Framework as a slightly special one, also provided the AdoptOpenJDK-based JDK with free / paid support, so I added that information as well (here). , I added it at the end of the paid support item). (Shorthand 2) The information provided by @witchcraze and @yamadamn in the comment section is also useful, so please refer to it as well.
Recently, Wikipedia's OpenJDK also seems to have added a summary of JDK's LTS. If you would like to organize from more diverse information, please see that as well.
Nice to meet you, this is u-tanick. So far, I'm working quietly as a person in SIer.
Java 11 (LTS) has finally been released! (13 is out on the last update date)
From around the release of Java 9 in September 2017, Java release cycle became faster, Java EE was transferred to the open community, and so on, but it was said that Java 11 was released for the time being. So, based on the information I saw and heard, I would like to summarize ** Java 11 or later support (free / paid) **. (It's long if I write it as a memorandum for myself ...)
We are based on information with a clear origin such as official information as much as possible, but please point out any mistakes.
Also, please note that this is not an article that says "I like this JDK" but an article that says "There are various JDKs".
Also, if you don't mind reading such a sloppy article, you can see the slide below where KUBOTA Yuji gave a lecture at the JJUG Night Seminar on October 09, 2018, and @ yamadamn on May 17, 2019 with Oracle Code Tokyo 2019. The slides presented in are nicely organized and I encourage you to read them.
** [Java 11: Support and VM Functions KUBOTAYuji (@sugarlife)] ** https://www.slideshare.net/YujiKubota/introduction-to-java-11-support-and-jvm-features
** [How to choose the best OpenJDK distribution @yamadamn] ** https://www.slideshare.net/TakahiroYamada3/how-to-choose-the-best-openjdk-distribution-201905
This slide also touches on JDK distributions such as SapMachine and BellSoft that are (probably) unfamiliar in Japan. I think that it is a good material for a wide range of studies and for grasping the overall feeling of the activities related to JDK in the world.
There are some opinions that Java cannot be used because it will be charged, but the Java specification (JEP) is still being developed by an open source project, and ** OpenJDK as a result is Java 11 or later. However, it can be used free of charge as before **.
The one-time fuss was probably due to the fact that the JDK provided by Oracle and its support were paid (for commercial use only), but there was a bit of movement in this regard on April 16, 2019. Therefore, I will briefly describe it in (★) in the next section.
Nonetheless, there are still open source OpenJDK vendors and vendors other than Oracle that provide free commercial support, so it's a short-circuit extreme flow like "Java is no longer free." I want you to understand the facts correctly. (Most of them are "I can't get support for free! I don't know! Security gar !!" I want to see ~~ Emotional theory ~~ I think it's because of the sense of crisis, but how many systems have been properly updated so far. Are you ... Gefun Gefun)
Perhaps you are worried about the atmosphere of the recent turmoil, Java champions from around the world have jointly written a summary on Java development, support and release called "Java is Still Free", so please take a look.
(English version) Java is Still Free 2.0.0
The latest version 2.0.0 has an additional note about Amazon Corretto. (Currently, only the English version is available, but it is said that a Japanese translation will be made soon [Rumor](https://twitter.com/search?q=Java%20is%20Still%20Free%20%E3%80%] 80% E3% 81% 98% E3% 82% 85% E3% 81% 8F% E3% 81% A1% E3% 82% 87% E3% 83% BC & src = typd)
For the time being, information on vendors that provide support for a fee (Oracle, IBM, Red Hat, Azul Systems) will be summarized in the second half, and many people are most interested in it ** Java (and its) that can be used commercially for free Support level) ** will be summarized separately for "multi-platform" and "public cloud usage premise".
(★) At the beginning of Java-7 and Java 8 release, Oracle existed here and there, but with the announcement of Oracle the other day, the OTN license is not limited to Oracle JDK 11 but ** 2019/4 Since it will be applied to Oracle JDK 8u211 or later released on 16/16 **, commercial use is basically charged (development, personal use, etc. free for specific purposes / 04/25 / what-is-a-certain-use-in-oracle-technology-network-license-agreement-for-oracle-java-se /)) is clarified, ** Java that can be used commercially for free It will be out of **. (Reference article: https://forest.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/1180607.html ）
| JDK name | provider | Support period | Support provided | Support level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OpenJDK | Java community * 1 | Half a year | community | best effort |
| AdoptOpenJDK with HotSpot | AdoptOpenJDK project * 2 | 4 years | community | best effort |
| AdoptOpenJDK with Eclipse OpenJ9 | AdoptOpenJDK project * 2 | 4 years | community | best effort |
| Zulu Community Builds | Azul Systems | Half a year * 3 | community | best effort |
| Amazon Corretto ※4 | Amazon/AWS | JDK8->2023/6, JDK11->2024/8 | AWS &community | best effort |
| Cloud | JDK name | provider | Support period | Support provided | Support level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft Azure / Azure Stack ※5 | Zulu | Azul Systems | Depends on Zulu Enterprise | Azul Systems | Zulu Enterprise |
| Amazon Linux 2 (AWS) ※6 | OpenJDK | Java community | 2023/06/30 | Java community | best effort |
※1 The Java community is responsible for the provider (or rather, the formulation and implementation of the specifications), but it seems that the provided binary is built by Oracle, which supports the community (this is also the same as before).
https://jdk.java.net
※2 There are two types of JDK provided by the AdoptOpenJDK project, depending on the built-in JVM. When using the AdoptOpenJDK, you need to consider which type to choose. Also, Pivotal offers a JDK based on this AdoptOpenJDK as its own LTS & paid support target.
https://adoptopenjdk.net/
※3 I haven't found a clear number for the Zulu Community Builds support period yet. However, due to the fact that ** "Azul recommends always using the latest version of Java available" ** is stated on the download page and the Java 9, 10, 11 availability of the release notes, it is the same as OpenJDK for half a year (exactly). (Until the next release comes out) and described it as such.
※4 Announced by Amazon in November 2018, JDK: Amazon Corretto is a multi-platform version of OpenJDK that AWS provides its own free long-term support. The feature is that AWS provides security updates free of charge for a long period of time. In addition, although the track record of enterprise use is yet to come, it is said that Java, which was used inside AWS, was opened and provided. https://www.publickey1.jp/blog/18/awsopenjdkamazon_correttoawsjavajava_82023java_112024lts.html
There was a very good summary of the explanation and handling concept of Amazon Corretto.
-[OpenJDK fully compatible, can you trust Amazon Corretto]
In particular, although it says "personal opinion," it is important to think carefully about the perspective of the text below. "I think the focus of the problem is the interpretation that AWS vendor lock-in goes on at the core of the Java application."
※5 Since it was announced immediately after Java 11 was released and it is also used in Microsoft Azure itself, it is the same as free LTS (** Zulu Enterprise **) for using Zulu with Azure-like VM. (Handling) will be provided. Amazon also announced on November 1st that OpenJDK will offer LT on Amazon Linux 2.
-[Microsoft announcement]
For ** Zulu Enterprise **, see the Paid Java Support Vendors section.
※6 The Java community will be the main supporter of OpenJDK on Amazon Linux 2, but it seems that support will be provided until 2023/06/30 by Amazon's support for the community.
** As an option for those who are developing a commercial system in Java and need some kind of regular long-term support (assuming about 5 years or more) **, provide long-term commercial support for Java (JDK) for a fee. It will be the information that organizes the policies etc. for each company that is doing **.
We will summarize the following four companies that are considered to be the main options as providers of long-term commercial support (LTS: Long Term Support) for Java and JDK.
The LTS provided by each company is briefly summarized from the following viewpoints.
-** Supported ** -** Support period ** -** Cost **
Before giving a detailed explanation, let's take a quick look at the overall view of JDK's long-term support in a tabular format. Since this is a summary, please read the main part (from the next section) or the reference URL there for details on the JDKs that are supported and the contents of support.
| vendor | Supported JDK | Support period | Cost * 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle | Oracle JDK | 5+3 years | 3,000 Yen/processor |
| IBM | IBM SDK for Java Technology | Depends on middleware products * 2 | Included in product support fee |
| IBM | AdoptOpenJDK with Eclipse OpenJ9 | 5 years | 54,800 yen/processor |
| Red Hat | OpenJDK ※3 | Similar to Oracle * 4 | Included in RHEL support fee |
| AzulSystems | Zulu Enterprise | 8+2 years | $13,200/25 systems |
| Pivotal | Pivotal Distribution of OpenJDK | 4 years | ＄25,000/50pods or ＄4,000/cores |
-* 1 In this table, only the most standard amount is listed. The amount may change depending on the number of processors. -* 2 It seems that it is considered that IBM's product purchase is a prerequisite. It is also available independently from Docker Hub. Check with the vendor for the support period. -* 3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux must be used. ―― * 4 It is possible that Red Hat will provide its own security patch even outside the support period of Oracle. Check with the vendor.
Read below for a description of the JDKs supported by each vendor.
Oracle
Oracle provides LTS for the following JDKs:
** Oracle JDK ** is a JDK that Oracle builds and provides a specific version of Open JDK. It is compatible with OpenJDK at a basic functional level other than proprietary specifications such as Solaris support, and can be replaced with each other. When using Oracle middleware (WebLogic, Oracle DB), it is a prerequisite to use this JDK.
It is necessary to watch the information provided by vendors such as Oracle Open World for the Java 11 support status of Oracle middleware.
Starting with Java 11, Oracle JDK seems to be released with a long-term support version every three years and a short-term support version every six months.
Originally, only the long-term support version of Oracle JDK was planned to be released, but it seems that the policy was decided to provide the short-term support version just before the release of Java 11.
--Long-term support version (LTS version) - Java 11, Java17, Java 23,... --Short-term support version (called non-LTS version) - Java 12～16, Java18～22, Java 24～,...
For more information, see ** Reference URL: Oracle Java SE Support Roadmap **.
I think that the actual introduction to commercial systems will be ** long-term support version (LTS version) **. When you download, you need to be careful not to make a mistake in the version.
**
** Oracle JDK ** is allowed to be used in the following virtual environments on the public cloud. Please note that commercial support may not be available if you use it in an unauthorized public cloud environment.
For more information, see ** Reference URL: Oracle Software License in a Cloud Computing Environment **.
The LTS of ** Oracle JDK ** is 8 years, which is the total of the following two types of support periods. (*)
--Premier Support 5 years --Extended Support 3 years
Please refer to ** Reference URL: New release model of Java SE: p.17 ** for a time-series diagram. The reference URL is described in a summary unit for each vendor.
- Oracle's paid support includes indefinite support called Sustaining Support, but in reality, we thought that we would often support version upgrades within the above support period, which has a fixed deadline. I dared to remove it here.
Support costs for ** Oracle JDK ** are subject to ** Java SE Subscription ** (established in June 2018). ** Java SE Subscription ** has separate pricing tables for server-side use and client-side use. In many Web systems and batch systems, you will be aware of the server-side usage charge table, so only the server-side table is shown here.
** Server-side use **
Price list
| number | unit | Monthly |
|---|---|---|
| 1-99 | processor | 3,000 Yen |
| 100-249 | processor | 2,850 yen |
| 250-490 | processor | 2,700 yen |
| 500-999 | processor | 2,400 yen |
| 1,000-2,999 | processor | 2,100 yen |
| 3,000-9,999 | processor | 1,800 yen |
| 10,000-19,999 | processor | 1,500 yen |
| 20,000+ | Individual inquiry | Individual inquiry |
Reference URL: From Java paid maintenance service Java SE Subscription (NTT DATA Advanced Technology Co., Ltd.)
--New release model of Java SE - http://otndnld.oracle.co.jp/ondemand/javaday2018/JSE-3
--Oracle Java SE Support Roadmap - https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/jp/java/eol-135779-ja.html
--Java paid maintenance service Java SE Subscription (NTT DATA Advanced Technology Co., Ltd.) - http://www.intellilink.co.jp/solutions/oracle/java.html --License of Oracle software in cloud computing environment - https://www.oracle.com/assets/cloud-lic-170290-ja.pdf
IBM
IBM offers LTS for two types of JDK:
** IBM SDK for Java Technology ** is an IBM-made JDK that is included in IBM products (WebSphere, DB2). It seems that the development use is available free of charge.
** AdoptOpenJDK with Eclipse OpenJ9 ** is a JDK provided by an open source project called AdoptOpenJDK. This is a JDK built by replacing the OpenJDK JVM with Eclipse OpenJ9 (now also open sourced), a technology developed by IBM.
IBM seems to have a policy of providing LTS for the same versions (Java 11, Java 17, ...) as the Oracle JDK for the above two types of JDK.
These JDKs are only intended for server-side use, so they seem to be unsupported for other uses (client-side, embedded).
As mentioned in the section on free use of Java, there is also a JDK called ** AdoptOpenJDK with HotSpot ** that builds the JVM with the original specifications of OpenJDK, but IBM's LTS provides that. It will not be.
The duration of LTS provided by IBM depends on the JDK.
IBM SDK for Java Technology It is expected to provide support for more than 8 years, as it is most likely to be used in combination with IBM products (WebSphere, DB2).
AdoptOpenJDK with OpenJ9 Five years of commercial support will be provided under the framework of IBM Support for Runtimes.
For a time-series diagram of the support period provided by IBM, please refer to ** Reference URL: Second JVM provided by open source: About OpenJ9 and IBM Java: p.18 **.
Regarding AdoptOpenJDK, since it is originally an open source project, it seems that there is free support for 4 years as community support.
Support costs apply to the same pricing table for both JDKs.
| Annual amount | unit |
|---|---|
| 54,800 yen | Number of processors |
The number of processors in a unit is the number of CPU cores in a real environment. In a virtualized environment, this is the number of allocated CPUs.
--Second JVM provided in open source: About OpenJ9 and IBM Java - https://www.slideshare.net/takakiyo/jvmopenj9-vmibm-java
--AdoptOpenJDK DL page - https://adoptopenjdk.net/
--AdoptOpenJDK support page - https://adoptopenjdk.net/support.html
Red Hat
Red Hat provides LTS for the following JDKs:
-** OpenJDK (However, only for use with Red Hat Enterprise Linux) **
OpenJDK itself is available free of charge, and its support is originally limited to half a year after its release, but Red Hat says that it will be included in the category of OS support only when it runs on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. I am.
The supported OpenJDK is provided as a RHEL package and will be installed using yum on RHEL.
Like IBM, Red Hat seems to have a policy of providing LTS for the same version as Oracle JDK (Java 11, Java 17, ...).
On December 19, 2018, even if Red Hat is on Windows OS, we will provide an OpenJDK support subscription for using Red Hat middleware (Is JBOSS the main target?) Was announced.
https://www.publickey1.jp/blog/18/red_hatwindowsopenjdklts.html https://access.redhat.com/articles/1299013
The OpenJDK LTS provided by Red Hat is included in the support subscription of RHEL itself, but the support period is influenced by Oracle and is different from the support period of RHEL. For this, see ** Reference URL: OpenJDK Life Cycle and Support Policy **.
OpenJDK support costs seem to be included in RHEL support costs.
--Red Hat OpenJDK support - https://nekop.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/09/18/115712
Azul Systems
Azul Systems provides LTS for the following JDKs:
** Zulu ** is an OpenJDK built and provided by Azul Systems. ** Zulu Enterprise ** is the name given to Zulu with the LTS option. ** Zulu ** and ** Zulu Enterprise ** are the same binary. ** Zulu Embeded ** is an embedded JDK built and provided by Azul Systems.
Zulu also seems to be the JDK used in the cloud infrastructure of Microsoft Azure.
Like other companies, Azul Systems seems to have a policy of providing LTS for the same version (Java 11, Java 17, ...) as the Oracle JDK.
Since the engineering team of Azul Systems is only overseas, it seems that inquiries at this time should be made in English. (Usage consultation is likely to be handled by a Japanese corporation)
As I wrote in the item of free support for Java, it seems that Zulu Enterprise level support is provided free of charge only when using Zulu on Microsoft Azure, Azure Stack.
In addition to Zulu, Azul Systems also offers Zing, a proprietary JVM for low-latency, high-speed processing. However, Zing is not described in this post because it targets products in the vicinity of OpenJDK.
The LTS period provided by Azul Systems is a total of 10 years as shown below.
--Production Support 8 years --Extended Support 2 years
As Azul Systems' own support, we will provide medium-term support (MTS: Middle Tarm Support) for versions other than LTS that are released annually (Java 13 Java 15, ...). , There is something like. The deadline for each MTS support type is as follows.
--Production Support Until one and a half years after the next LTS version release (three and a half years or two and a half years) --Extended Support 1 year
Please refer to ** Reference URL: Zulu Enterprise Java Support Options: Second figure ** for a time-series diagram.
It seems that the price table is not divided by the type of JDK and the server side and client side. The applicable unit of the price table is the number of systems running Java applications. There are also two tables, Standard and Premium, depending on the level of support.
| Maximum number of systems | Annual amount (Standard Support) | Annual amount (Premium Support) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | $13,200 | N/A |
| 100 | $31,600 | $37,900 |
| 1,000 | $94,900 | $113,900 |
| Unlimited | $284,600 | $341,500 |
--Azul Systems site (for Japan) - https://jp.azul.com/products/zulu-and-zulu-enterprise/
Pivotal
Is it a little strange? As a matter of fact, Pivotal (which recently joined VMware), which provides Spring Framework and Cloud Foundry, also started offering an Open JDK distribution for a while, so I will add that as well. In addition to ** paid commercial support **, there is also a ** free LTS version **, but it's getting harder to write in a distributed manner, so I'll write them all together here.
Information is collected from the official website etc., but please contact the vendor directly for details.
I'm using a relatively new Spring / Spring Boot for this JDK, and if it doesn't come with JDK support from the OS or the cloud, why not consider it as an option?
I wrote it as an Open JDK distribution, but in reality it seems to be (almost) the same as Adopt OpenJDK.
First, I will briefly summarize the information about ** Free LTS Edition **.
--Name: Pivotal Distribution of OpenJDK --Explanation site - https://docs.pivotal.io/pivotal-distribution-openjdk/ --Download site - https://network.pivotal.io/products/pivotal-openjdk/ --There are two types of links on the download site, "Pivotal 1.xx.0_._xxx" and "AdoptOpenJDK 1.xx.0_xxx", but the target of LTS is ** "AdoptOpenJDK 1.xx.0_xxx" ** It seems to have been obtained from. ――Please refer to * for the difference between the two. --JDK binary level --Compliant with Adopt OpenJDK --LTS version --Compliant with Adopt OpenJDK --LTS period
When using the above JDK provided by Pivotal, it seems that it will be possible to receive a higher level of support by concluding a separate paid support contract.
It features support for OSS products provided by Pivotal and strongly related to maintenance, such as Spring Framework and Tomcat, as well as the JDK.
--Name: Pivotal Spring Runtime --Explanation site - https://pivotal.io/jp/pivotal-spring-runtime --Supported - Pivotal Distribution of OpenJDK - Spring Projects (Spring Framework, Boot, Tomcat, etc..) - https://pivotal.io/jp/pivotal-spring-runtime#project - Pivotal tc Server - Apache Tomcat --Support content --For the above, 24x7 commercial level inquiry support (probably in English) --Price --Pods unit - $25,000 / 50 pods /year --Core unit - $4,000 / 8 cores /year
It may be quite pinpoint as an application, but it is a knowledge that there is also such a thing.
Anything is fine for personal use, but when it comes to work, the choice will change depending on the stance of "salting with long-term support" and "replacement with a new version".
I get the feeling that Amazon Corretto may replace Oracle's position as Java with free long-term support for multi-vendors, but due to the environmental constraints below, it is possible to receive sufficient support with another JDK. Therefore, you do not make an appropriate choice by understanding the environment and conditions of your system well.
Thank you for reading this.
Added a link to Wikipedia of OpenJDK as "Before the introduction".
Added about free LTS and paid support provided by Pivotal. It's getting harder to insert it cleanly and write. That's why I wrote it as Pivotal in the paid support by vendor.
Since OracleJDK has applied the OTN license to ** OracleJDK8 u211 or later ** released on April 16, 2019 as well as OracleJDK11, the commercial use of OracleJDK will be substantially charged, and the book will be charged accordingly. Updated the text and description of the article about Oracle and free.
In the last miscellaneous notes, I changed the description to include Corretto. I wonder if regular use will start to appear soon.
Added a link to Java is Still Free 2.0.0. Other descriptions are unchanged.
I found a very good summary blog about Amazon Corretto, so I added a link to the Amazon Corretto supplement (annotation *). We've also added a link to Red Hat's end-of-year support article on Windows OS in the Red Hat section.
Thanks to @yamadamn's comment, I added Zulu Community Builds. Thank you!
Information on the JDK "Amazon Corretto" with free LTS for multi-platform announced by Amazon has been added to the table of "Free Java Support".
Since Amazon announced LTS on AWS, I added that information to the table "About free support for Java". (Let's write another article soon ...)
Added a link to the important document "Java is Still Free" near the explanation of free use. There is also a link to the Japanese translation.
I have a little thought, and I changed it to write the ** Free Java Support ** article first. Also, I added a description about the version of JDK 12 or later and the use on the public cloud to the item of Oracle (other corrections such as small pieces).