[LINUX] [Memo] Connect Raspberry Pi Zero to the Internet with a single USB cable! (Use nfs, no SD card / keyboard / mouse / monitor required)

Overview

--Connect Raspberry Pi Zero to the Internet with a single USB cable --No SD card required --Since root (/) is mounted by NFS, set the NFS server side with Ubuntu 20.04 of VirtualBox. --Sometimes NFS mount seems to fail (timing?), So maybe you should try connecting a monitor?

--Reference: [HOW TO RUN OR BOOT RASPBIAN ON A RASPBERRY PI ZERO WITHOUT AN SD-CARD](https://dev.webonomic.nl/how-to-run-or-boot-raspbian-on-a-raspberry- pi-zero-without-an-sd-card)
Or rather, I checked it for Buster as it is

environment

• Windows 10 (1909) 64bit
• Virtualbox 6.1.6 + ExtensionPack
• Vagrant 2.2.9
  • ubuntu/focal64 (Ubuntu 20.04) | IP: 10.42.0.1/24 --RPi Zero (Would you like to go with W?)
  • Raspbian: 2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite
  • IP: 10.42.0.14/24

procedure

Virtual environment installation

1. Start PowerShell as an administrator (Win + x, a, ALT + y)

2. Chocolatey installation (https://chocolatey.org/install)

   Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
   

3. Install Virtualbox + Extension and pin it (do not upgrade it without permission)

   #choco pin remove --name virtualbox
   #choco uninstall  -y virtualbox -x
   cinst -y virtualbox --params "/ExtensionPack /NoQuickLaunch /NoRegister /NoPath"
   choco pin add    --name virtualbox
   

4. Install vagrant etc.

   cinst -y vagrant vscode
   

-(Host key setting) For keyboards that do not have a right Ctrl, start Virtualbox once, and then select Host Key Combination in Menu> File> Preferences ...> Input> [Virtual Machine] to select another key (eg: Host Key Combination). Right Alt).

5. Restart the host machine (Windows 10) once, and start PowerShell again as an administrator.

6. Install vagrant plugin

   vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest
   vagrant plugin install vagrant-disksize 
   

7. Exit with ʻexit`

Preparation of virtual machine (VM guest)

1. Start PowerShell normally (Win + x, i)

2. Working folder: Create C: \ Vagrant \ u20 (> mkdir C: \ Vagrant \ u20), move ('> cd C: \ Vagrant \ u20`)

3. Create the following Vagrantfile with VS Code (> code C: \ Vagrant \ u20 \ Vagrantfile).
   Add the plugin
   -image-store.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/0/75594/3817fecb-f4e0-65ee-d19d-4dce4078da26.png)

   # -*- mode: ruby -*-
   # vi: set ft=ruby :
   
   VB_NAME="u2004"
   VM_MEMORY=1024
   VM_CORES=2
   
   Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
     config.vm.box = "ubuntu/focal64"
     config.vm.boot_timeout = 6000
     config.vm.network "public_network"
     
     config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
       #vb.gui = true #Virtualbox window opens
       vb.name         = VB_NAME
       vb.memory       = VM_MEMORY
       vb.cpus         = VM_CORES
       vb.customize ['modifyvm', :id, '--usb', 'on']
       vb.customize ['modifyvm', :id, '--usbehci', 'on' ] # USB 2.0 controller
       vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--usbxhci", 'off' ] # USB 3.0 controller
       vb.customize ["usbfilter", "add", "0", "--target", :id, '--name', "Broadcom BCM2708 Boot","--vendorid","0a5c","--productid","2763", "--remote", "no"] #
       vb.customize ["usbfilter", "add", "1", "--target", :id, '--name', "Broadcom BCM2710 Boot","--vendorid","0a5c","--productid","2764", "--remote", "no"] #
       vb.customize ["usbfilter", "add", "2", "--target", :id, '--name', "Linux with usb RNDIS/Ethernet Gadget","--vendorid","0525","--productid","a4a2", "--remote", "no"] #
     end
   
     config.vm.provision "shell", privileged: true, inline: <<-SHELL
       sed -i -e 's/ console=ttyS0//g' /etc/default/grub.d/50-cloudimg-settings.cfg
       update-grub
       apt-get update
       apt install -y linux-modules-$(uname -r) linux-modules-extra-$(uname -r)
       apt install -y build-essential libusb-1.0-0-dev git unzip nfs-kernel-server
     SHELL
   end
   

4. Start the virtual machine with vagrant up

5. Wait for a while. About 20 to 30 minutes? --ʻUbuntu / focal64Image download ――It takes a long time to start this guy. If I change the grub parameter (removeconsole = ttyS0), it seems to be good (https://bugs.launchpad.net/cloud-images/+bug/1829625), so I am doing it with vagrant provision. --Download tools and other information --Install linux-modules-extra-` for USB Ethernet driver

   

6. Shut down once with vagrant halt.

7. Change vb.customize ["usbfilter "," add "... ʻadd to modify` in Vagrantfile. (Do all three. Only two images below .. 3 I'm trying to change my eyes ...)
   

8. Start with vagrant up, log in with vagrant ssh

Preparation for launching RPi Zero

1. Log in to the virtual machine

2. Build usbboot / rpiboot

   cd ${HOME} && \
   git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/usbboot && \
   cd usbboot && \
   make && \
   cd ${HOME}
   

3. Download and unzip Raspbian lite

   cd ${HOME} && \
   wget http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_lite/images/raspbian_lite-2020-02-14/2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.zip && \
   unzip 2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.zip
   

4. Mount the Raspbian lite image.

   sudo losetup -P /dev/loop5 ${HOME}/2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.img
   sudo mkdir -p /pi/{boot,root}
   sudo mount /dev/loop5p1 /pi/boot
   sudo mount /dev/loop5p2 /pi/root
   

5. Patch to start

   # Edit /pi/boot/config.txt
   grep -e '^dtoverlay=dwc2$' /pi/boot/config.txt || echo -e "# enable OTG\ndtoverlay=dwc2\n# set initramfs\ninitramfs initrd.img followkernel" | sudo tee -a /pi/boot/config.txt
   
   #cmdline.txt
   #console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=PARTUUID=738a4d67-02 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait quiet init=/usr/lib/raspi-config/init_resize.sh
   echo 'otg.lpm_enable=0 console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=10.42.0.1:/pi/root rw ip=10.42.0.14:10.42.0.1::255.255.255.0:pi:usb0:static elevator=deadline modules-load=dwc2,g_ether fsck.repair=yes rootwait g_ether.host_addr=5e:a1:4f:5d:cf:d2' | sudo tee /pi/boot/cmdline.txt
   
   cat <<'EOF' | sudo tee /pi/root/etc/fstab
   proc            /proc           proc    defaults          0       0
   10.42.0.1:/pi/root / nfs defaults 0 1
   #PARTUUID=738a4d67-01  /boot           vfat    defaults          0       2
   #PARTUUID=738a4d67-02  /   
   EOF
   
   # /pi/root/etc/dhcpcd.conf
   grep -e '^interface usb0 #mt08$' /pi/root/etc/dhcpcd.conf || echo -e 'interface usb0 #mt08\nstatic ip_address=10.42.0.14/24\nstatic routers=10.42.0.1\nstatic domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8' | sudo tee -a /pi/root/etc/dhcpcd.conf
   
   #Start ssh automatically
   cd /pi/root/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants
   sudo ln -s /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service ssh.service
   cd ${HOME}
   
   #Bring the initrd.
   cd ${HOME} && \
   wget "https://github.com/mt08xx/files/raw/master/2020-0512-1_RPIZero_initrd.img-4.19.97%2B" && \
   sudo cp 2020-0512-1_RPIZero_initrd.img-4.19.97+ //pi/boot/initrd.img
   

6. Ubuntu side settings

   #NFS settings
   grep 10.42.0 /etc/exports || echo "/pi/root 10.42.0.14(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)" | sudo tee -a /etc/exports
   sudo systemctl restart nfs-server.service
   sudo exportfs -rav
   
   #Assign a fixed IP to Ethernet for USB connection.
   #The device name may be usb0 or enx5ea14f5dcfd2..
   cat << 'EOF' | sudo tee /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
   # This file is generated from information provided by the datasource.  Changes
   # to it will not persist across an instance reboot.  To disable cloud-init's
   # network configuration capabilities, write a file
   # /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
   # network: {config: disabled}
   network:
       ethernets:
           enp0s3:
               dhcp4: true
               match:
                   macaddress: 02:c2:ed:de:cc:93
               set-name: enp0s3
           usb0:
               dhcp4: no
               dhcp6: no
               addresses: [10.42.0.1/24]
           enx5ea14f5dcfd2:
               dhcp4: no
               dhcp6: no
               addresses: [10.42.0.1/24]
       version: 2
   EOF
   
   #Adaptation
   sudo netplan generate
   sudo netplan apply
   
   #IP Forwarding enabled
   sudo sed -i 's/#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1/net.ipv4.ip_forward=1/' /etc/sysctl.conf
   

7. Exit with ʻexit, virtual machine with vagrant halt`, shut down once

Launch RPi Zero

1. RPi Zero does not connect

2. Start PowerShell normally (Win + x, i)

3. Execute the following

   #Move to working folder
   cd C:\Vagrant\u20
   #Virtual machine startup
   vagrant up
   #Log in to the virtual machine
   vagrant ssh
   

4. Execute the following

   #IP forwarding settings(Do not save)
   sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o enp0s3 -j MASQUERADE
   #
   #Raspbian lite image mount
   sudo losetup -P /dev/loop5 ${HOME}/2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.img
   sudo mkdir -p /pi/{boot,root}
   sudo mount /dev/loop5p1 /pi/boot
   sudo mount /dev/loop5p2 /pi/root
   #
   #Run rpiboot
   cd ${HOME}
   sudo usbboot/rpiboot -d /pi/boot/
   

5. Connect the RPi Zero's USB port (not the power supply PWR) to your PC.
   It may be better to connect RPi Zero to a TV and see how it looks.

6. Pray

Execution example

-- 10.42.0.1: / pi / root on / type nfs ...

Other

--I put ubuntu 20.04 64bit in RPi4B and it worked in the same way (or rather, it is better to check with RPi4B ..) --swap cannot be used --I mount the img file of raspbian and use it, but I think that the file is copied in actual use. --The device name is usb0 or enx5ea14f5dcfd2 .. ――What if multiple Pi Zeros are connected? Please let me know if you can make good settings at that time. --Using SD, the previous article, [Note] Connect the Raspberry Pi Zero to the Internet with a single USB cable! (No keyboard, mouse or monitor required), ha.

How to make initrd.img

1. Put Raspbian on SD and start it.

2. Start with RPi Zero

3. Execute the following

   ## Make initramfs on "RPi-Zero"
   sudo apt install -y initramfs-tools
   
   grep -e '^g_ether$' /etc/initramfs-tools/modules || echo -e 'g_ether\nlibcomposite\nu_ether\nudc-core\nusb_f_rndis\nusb_f_ecm' | sudo tee -a /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
   
   sudo update-initramfs -c -k `uname -r`
   

4. A file called /boot/initrd.img-4.19.97+ will be created, so copy it to the VM's /pi/boot/initrd.img.