Asynchronous processing and Web API integration in Android Studio

While looking at the technical book, create an application that acquires weather information using the API.

activity_main.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <!--View city list-->
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lvCityList"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="0.5" />

    <!--Layout of the lower half of the screen displaying weather information-->
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:layout_weight="0.5"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <!--Display "Weather details"-->
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="@string/tv_winfo_title"
            android:textSize="25dp"
            />

        <!--Layout to arrange city names and weather side by side-->
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
            android:orientation="horizontal">

            <!--Display of city name-->
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tvCityName"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:textSize="20sp"/>

            <!--Show the weather-->
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tvWeatherTelop"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:textSize="20sp"/>
        </LinearLayout>

        <!--Screen parts that allow the detailed weather information to be scrolled-->
        <ScrollView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">

            <!--View detailed weather information-->
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tvWeatherDesc"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:textSize="15dp"/>
        </ScrollView>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.asyncsample">

    <uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

strings.xml


<resources>
    <string name="app_name">Weather information</string>
    <string name="tv_winfo_title">Weather details</string>

</resources>

MainActivity.java


package com.example.asyncsample;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

//Get screen part ListView
        ListView lvCityList = findViewById(R.id.lvCityList);
//Prepare List object to be used in SimpleAdapter
        List<Map<String, String>> cityList = new ArrayList<>();
//Preparation of Map object to store city data and data registration to cityList
        Map<String, String> city = new HashMap<>();
        city.put("name", "Osaka");
        city.put("id", "270000");
        cityList.add(city);
        city = new HashMap<>();
        city.put("name", "Kobe");
        city.put("id", "280010");
        cityList.add(city);

//Used with SimpleAdapter from-Preparation of variables for to
        String[] from = {"name"};
        int[] to = {android.R.id.text1};
//Set SimpleAdapter
        SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(MainActivity.this, cityList, android.R.layout.simple_expandable_list_item_1, from, to);
//Set SimpleAdapter in ListView
        lvCityList.setAdapter(adapter);
//Set listener on ListView
        lvCityList.setOnItemClickListener(new ListItemClickListener());
    }

//A member class that describes the processing when a list is selected
    private class ListItemClickListener implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener{
        @Override
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id){
//Get the city name and city ID of the row tapped in ListView
            Map<String, String> item = (Map<String, String>) parent.getItemAtPosition(position);
            String cityName = item.get("name");
            String cityId = item.get("id");
//Set the acquired city name to tvCityName
            TextView tvCityName = findViewById(R.id.tvCityName);
            tvCityName.setText(cityName + "Weather:");
//Get TextView to display weather information
            TextView tvWeatherTelop = findViewById(R.id.tvWeatherTelop);
//Get TextView to display detailed weather information
            TextView tvWeatherDesc = findViewById(R.id.tvWeatherDesc);
//WeatherInfoReceiver new. Pass the TextView obtained above as an argument.
            WeatherInfoReceiver receiver = new WeatherInfoReceiver(tvWeatherTelop, tvWeatherDesc);
//Run WeatherInfoReceiver
            receiver.execute(cityId);
        }
    }

    private class WeatherInfoReceiver extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> {
//Screen part field to display the current weather
        private TextView _tvWeatherTelop;

//Screen part field to display weather details
        private TextView _tvWeatherDesc;

//constructor
//The screen parts that display the weather information are acquired in advance and stored in the field.
        public WeatherInfoReceiver(TextView tvWeatherTelop, TextView tvWeatherDesc){
            _tvWeatherTelop = tvWeatherTelop;
            _tvWeatherDesc = tvWeatherDesc;
        }
        @Override
        public String doInBackground(String... params){
//Get the first variable length argument (index 0). This is the city ID.
            String id = params[0];
//Create a connection URL string using the city ID
            String urlStr = "http://weather.livedoor.com/forecast/webservice/json/v1?city=" + id;
//JSON string obtained from the weather information service. Weather information is stored.
            String result = "";
//Describe the process to connect to the above URL and get the JSON string here
//Returns a JSON string
            HttpURLConnection con = null;

            InputStream is = null;
            try{
                URL url = new URL(urlStr);
                con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                con.setRequestMethod("GET");
                con.connect();
                is = con.getInputStream();
                result = is2String(is);
            }
            catch(MalformedURLException ex){

            }
            catch(IOException ex){

            }
            finally{
                if(con != null){
                    con.disconnect();
                }
                if(is != null){
                    try{
                        is.close();
                    }
                    catch(IOException ex){

                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        @Override
        public void onPostExecute(String result){
//Prepare a character string variable for weather information
            String telop = "";
            String desc = "";
            try{
                JSONObject rootJSON = new JSONObject(result);
                JSONObject descriptionJSON = rootJSON.getJSONObject("description");
                desc = descriptionJSON.getString("text");
                JSONArray forecasts = rootJSON.getJSONArray("forecasts");
                JSONObject forecastNow = ((JSONArray) forecasts).getJSONObject(0);
                telop = forecastNow.getString("telop");
            }
            catch(JSONException ex){

            }
//Describe the process to analyze the weather information JSON character string here.
//Set the weather information string in TextView
            _tvWeatherTelop.setText(telop);
            _tvWeatherDesc.setText(desc);
        }

    }
    private String is2String(InputStream is) throws IOException{
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        char[] b = new char[1024];
        int line;
        while(0 <= (line = reader.read(b))){
            sb.append(b, 0, line);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

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