Python
The binascii module can convert byte strings to hexadecimal strings. If it is a Unicode character string, encode it before converting.
Python2/Python3
import binascii
binascii.hexlify(b'Hello') # => b'48656c6c6f'
binascii.b2a_hex(b'Hello') # => b'48656c6c6f'
binascii.hexlify(u'Hello'.encode('utf-8')) # => b'e38193e38293e381abe381a1e381af'
binascii.b2a_hex(u'Hello'.encode('utf-8')) # => b'e38193e38293e381abe381a1e381af'
You can also use the codecs module.
Python2/Python3
import codecs
codecs.encode(b'Hello', 'hex_codec') # => b'48656c6c6f'
codecs.encode(u'Hello'.encode('utf-8'), 'hex_codec') # => b'e38193e38293e381abe381a1e381af'
In Python2, you can also convert with str.encode.
Python2 only
'Hello'.encode('hex') # => '48656c6c6f'
The binascii module can convert hexadecimal strings to byte strings. If you want to unicode, decode the result.
Python2/Python3
import binascii
binascii.unhexlify(b'48656c6c6f') # => b'Hello'
binascii.a2b_hex(b'48656c6c6f') # => b'Hello'
binascii.unhexlify(b'e38193e38293e381abe381a1e381af').decode('utf-8') # => 'Hello'
binascii.a2b_hex(b'e38193e38293e381abe381a1e381af').decode('utf-8') # => 'Hello'
You can also use the codecs module.
Python2/Python3
import codecs
codecs.decode(b'48656c6c6f', 'hex_codec') # => b'Hello'
codecs.decode(b'e38193e38293e381abe381a1e381af', 'hex_codec').decode('utf-8') # => 'Hello'
In Python2, you can also convert with str.decode.
Python2 only
'48656c6c6f'.decode('hex') # => 'Hello'
Ruby
You can use String # unpack to convert a string to a hexadecimal string.
'Hello'.unpack('H*') # => ["48656c6c6f"]
'Hello'.unpack('H*') # => ["e38193e38293e381abe381a1e381af"]
You can use Array # pack to convert a hexadecimal string to a string. Change the character code information with String # force_encoding if necessary.
['48656c6c6f'].pack('H*') # => "Hello"
['e38193e38293e381abe381a1e381af'].pack('H*').force_encoding('utf-8') # => "Hello"
Bash
You can convert a string to a hexadecimal string with xxd.
echo -n Hello | xxd -p # => 48656c6c6f
echo -n Hello| xxd -p # => e38193e38293e381abe381a1e381af
You can convert a hexadecimal string to a string with xxd.
echo -n 48656c6c6f | xxd -r -p # => Hello
echo -n e38193e38293e381abe381a1e381af | xxd -r -p # =>Hello
MySQL
MySQL :: MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual :: 9.1.4 Hexadecimal Literal
SELECT HEX('Hello');
-- 48656C6C6F
SELECT HEX("Hello")
-- E38193E38293E381ABE381A1E381AF
SELECT x'48656C6C6F';
-- Hello
SELECT x'E38193E38293E381ABE381A1E381AF'
--Hello
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