Linux standard textbook (ver3.0.2) I tried Chapter 1

I often see that you should definitely study as a foundation, so I will do it. There are 12 chapters in all, so I would like to summarize all as much as possible. Basically, I will summarize the meaning and operation of words.

Basic software and application software Computers can be broadly divided into two parts. ・ Hardware (ex. Game basics) ・ Software (ex. Game software)

Of these, software can be broadly divided into two types. ・ Basic software ・ Applied software

Let's see what these look like.

Basic software Basic software refers to the Operating System (OS). ex) Windows, Linux, MacOSX etc ...

role

1. Provision of common functions and parts when each application software operates

Application software (images of word and excel) has common functions and parts such as saving files and toolbars, but it is difficult to create them so that they are retained by all application software. Therefore, these shared functions and parts are provided by the basic software.

2. The role of managing the "resources" of hardware

"Resources" here refers to the functions and capabilities that a computer can provide. The basic software for word processors and spreadsheets can run at the same time because the computer manages these resources well. Originally, a computer can only perform one operation. Nevertheless, it can be operated at the same time because each software is switched at a tremendous speed. This switching is management.

Applied software Application software refers to an application that runs on basic software. ex) Word, Excel, PowerPoint

UNIX

Born in the Bell Labs of AT & T, an American telecommunications company in the 1960s. However, the research and development of MULTICS failed, and the program that Ken Thonpson installed in the computer in the corner of the laboratory became the beginning of UNIX.

Separation / integration Since I didn't want to think about commercialization, UNIX was allowed to be used freely. As a result, it will be modified by many organizations and companies. Then, as UNIX became uncoordinated, AT & T officially started a license agreement, and UNIX was divided into "System V" with a license and "UNIX compatible OS" developed by an untied organization.

Linux

Features

The best feature of Linux is the GPL license format. The features are quoted below.

・ Freedom to execute the program ・ Freedom to modify the source ・ Freedom to use and redistribute ・ Right to release improved programs "Linux standard textbook"

Thanks to this, Linux was developed by Dustributor and has become used by a large number of users.

Another feature is that the basic software is divided into two areas. They are "kernel" and "userland".

Kernel The "kernel" is the core of the operating system. It is the role of interacting directly with the hardware, understanding the differences between them, and running on the hardware.

Userland Refers to the non-kernel parts required to run on the OS. ex) Software such as file system, file operation command, shell, etc.

Others

Shell Linux is operated by commands. A "shell" is an interactive command input environment. There are two main functions of "shell".

1. Accept command input
2. Execute a shell script

• "Shell script" automates command input.

Distribution Initially, Linux was difficult to install and could only be handled by highly skilled people. However, thanks to the fact that various organizations have put together the programs needed to use Linux and made it easy, it has become as easy as it is now. These groups are called __Distributors__. And Linux such as "Debian Project", "Red Hat", and "Ubuntu" created by these organizations is called "__Linux distribution__".

Package The package provides additional functionality for Linux. In the past, it took time and effort to install application software on Linux. This is a package that distributors have come to make to make this easier.

Package manager In Linux, the installation of application software required complicated order installation and location specification, and it took a lot of time to update. Therefore, a package manager is now provided as standard with Linux distributions to make it easier to install and update packages.

New words * Basic software * Applied software * GPL * System V * Berkeley UNIX (BSD) * Kernel * Userland * Shell * Shell script * Distribution * Distributor

References "Linux standard textbook"

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