When doing Internet services, I sometimes want to determine the region [^ host-user] of the host that is accessing.
For example, in Japan, it can be determined that "when the IP address is reverse-looked up, it was * .hkd.mesh.ad.jp, so it looks like access from Hokkaido "[^ maxmind], but this time it is so detailed. I will not. Although it is an expression of region, we think about it with the particle size [^ region] of the country.
[^ maxmind]: This direction will be around MaxMind.
[^ host-user]: I think what I really want is the area of residence of the accessing user, but it is assumed that I only know the IP address of the accessing host. As a matter of fact, the IP address of the access source only tells you the area where the distributed organization is located, and the actual location of the host or user is another story (there is a VPN).
IP addresses from IANA for each [RIR](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82 % BF% E3% 83% BC% E3% 83% 8D% E3% 83% 83% E3% 83% 88% E3% 83% AC% E3% 82% B8% E3% 82% B9% E3% 83% 88 It is allocated to% E3% 83% AA), and the RIRs that receive it allocate and allocate to each region.
Therefore, if you process the "Registered to which region" list provided by each RIR, you can create a list of distributed IP addresses to each region.
[^ region]: Roughly speaking, the country is like, "There is an allocation to Guam separately from the United States."
As I wrote "allocation / allocation" in the article title, there are two expressions for distribution. In addition, there are two types of "allocated" and "assigned" in the list issued by the RIR.
This is as described in the document What is Allocation and Assignment issued by JPNIC. However, there is a difference whether the recipient of the distributed address area uses it by himself or herself.
--allocate --Distribute to the management organization (distribute to the affiliated members) --assign --Distribution to end users (distribute the distributed address area to the actual use)
In this article, when we use these two without distinction, we write "distribution".
Since this need has been around for a long time, there are already some lists on the Internet that have been created based on the above ideas.
IPv4 -Worldwide IPv4 Address Allocation List -List of IP address allocations by country / region -IP address country (country code) allocation status (global IP address)
It wouldn't be fun if it ended with a list, so I decided to make it myself. Since there is data that can be regarded as the correct answer on the net, it seems that the correctness can be evaluated by comparing the generated result with it.
The list format of RIR is public by APNIC etc. .. You can read this and make it, but there are some problems.
IPv4 uses the notation [^ ipv4-value] of "start address + number". When determining the area from the IP address in the program, CIDR is often used, so it is more convenient to convert it to CIDR. In addition, there are blocks [^ non-cidr] that cannot be represented by one CIDR notation in one record [^ historical-noncidr].
In the case of IPv6, CIDR notation [^ ipv6-value], so this problem does not occur.
[^ ipv4-value]: The original text says "In the case of IPv4 address the count of hosts for this range. This count does not have to represent a CIDR range." In the value section. It says it's not CIDR.
[^ ipv6-value]: The original text says "In the case of an IPv6 address the value will be the CIDR prefix length from the'first address'value of
[^ historical-noncidr]: It's probably a format that existed before the concept of CIDR.
This is not mentioned in the RIR documentation. There is a description to that effect in the previous article, and even if you implement it yourself, the list will certainly shrink [^ historical-noncidr].
There's nothing that can make a list redundant, so it's best to keep it short.
Regarding CIDR binding, What kind of processing does CIDR + CIDR do? is recommended.
CIDR is generated and combined, but there is a library netaddr for operations such as CIDR combination in Python.
When you feed the start and end of the IP address to the argument of the constructor and hit [cidrs ()](https://netaddr.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#netaddr.IPRange.cidrs) You will get an array [^ cidr-array] of CIDR (ʻIP Network objects).[^ cidr-array]: This is because, as mentioned above, the IP address range cannot always be represented by a single CIDR.
from netaddr import IPRange,IPAddress
# `start`When`value`Is the RIR record information
start_ip = IPAddress(start, version = 4)
end_ip = IPAddress(int(start_ip) + value - 1) # `value`Is the number-1
cidr_list = IPRange(start, end_ip).cidrs()
from netaddr import IPSet
v4set = IPSet(v4_cider_list)
for cidr in v4set.iter_cidrs():
print(cidr)
I've written a lot, but I was able to write it quickly. The library is amazing.
It's not a big deal, but I threw it into Gist.
https://gist.github.com/walkure/d1d87d8b4aad3c692edef1cce0f69aab
In the case of Perl, CIDR binding seems to be possible with the [Net :: CIDR :: Lite](https://metacpan.org/pod/Net :: CIDR :: Lite) library [^ perl-lib]. I thought I'd actually write it, but when I hit cpan, I said" Free to wrong pool 1f7d20 not 89034600d957d249 at C: \ Perl64 \ site \ lib / IO / Socket / SSL.pm line 2739. " It ends up. Upon examination, I gave up on the appearance of a known and unresolved problem [^ community-active state] that occurs only on Windows.
In the case of Go, there is a netaddr-inspired [^ cidrman-readme] library called cidrman, but currently only IPv4 is implemented. [^ cidrman-v6 issue].
In the case of PHP, there is an article Create your own IPv6 and IPv4 address allocation list by country.
Recommended Posts